Araby And Sunrise On Veld Essay, Research Paper

Awareness "Araby" by James Joyce and "A Sunrise On The

Veld" by Doris Lessing are both short stories in which the protagonists

gained a consciousness that was beyond themselves. The main characters are both

initiated into new realities and truths of which they were not previously aware.

Both short stories will be examined with reflections according to the type of

initiation that was experienced, the nature of the narrators, the similar and

dissimilar aspects of both characters and various components of the short

stories. In the two stories, both characters were experiencing an initiation or

awareness of new actualities that were outside of themselves. The main

characters both painfully learned that this initiation was beyond their control.

It was impossible for them to ignore the new realities, which they both came to

understand. The new found awareness was so powerful that it changed each boy?s

entire outlook and they both began to see the world through new eyes. The type

of initiation both characters had was a distressing journey from innocence to

knowledge and experience. The two narrators had different attitudes and

reactions to the initiation experience. In Araby, the reader learns of the

boy?s initiation in the final sentence: "Gazing up into the darkness I

saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with

anguish and anger." 1 The character had a negative reaction to his new

awareness. His realization caused him to have feelings of shame, anguish, and

anger. He was possessed and controlled by his passion for Mangan?s older

sister. His ideals of the girl were not realistic but were futile and vain. The

girl drew out feelings in him and he discovered that feelings must be

reciprocated and the downsides that love can be painful. He had a difficult time

accepting his own weakness. He was in distress because he had stopped for a

moment and gazed up into the darkness and realized that his previous feelings

were wonderful but the only reality existed in his feelings. It had no existence

beyond how he felt and the understanding of this was painful for the character.

The protagonist of A Sunrise On The Veld was more accepting towards his

experience of initiation than that of the character in Araby. The boy?s

attitude was stoical: "…this is how life goes one, by living things dying

in anguish." 2 His feelings were of acceptance. In the beginning, the boy

felt in control of himself in every way, and came to feel in control of the

world in which he lived. This attitude changed completely after his encounter

with the dying buck. He accepted the fact that there was nothing he could do to

help and that some things were not in his power and were beyond his ability to

control. He came to an awareness of his own limitations and accepted the

inevitable. The character suffered however and felt anger, but also he was

satisfied with what he realized about the cruelty of nature and life. There were

several similarities and differences between the central characters. The two

protagonists were both male and were young in age. Each was overcome and

enthusiastic towards their feelings of delight and became aware of the negative

side to joy. The boys were imaginative and romantic about their individual

passions. They were both prompted by something or someone outside of themselves.

The characters held an appreciation for beauty. The type of beauty the boys

appreciated differed. The character in Araby felt emotional about a human being

and the boy in A Sunrise On The Veld felt a love for nature. Both characters

experienced an impatience and eagerness towards their obsessions. The boy in

Araby could not wait to visit the bazaar, as the boy in A Sunrise On The Veld

was eager to wake up and go into the vast fields of nature. One character was

overcome by the morning, the nature and was exhilarated to be a part of it all.

Similarly, the boy in Araby had the same feeling, however he was falling in love

with a girl. One had a connection with nature and the other felt a connection

with a person. They felt a oneness with the object of their love. They tried to

breakdown the boundaries of their isolation. Both passions brought them out of

their aloneness and loneliness. A difference in characters was that the boy in

Araby was passive, inactive, and reflective about his passion. The focus was on

himself and how he felt about his friend?s sister. He was an introvert while

the character in the second story was an extrovert being active and involved in

his love for nature; he was more aware of what he was doing. In addition, the

boy?s pride in Araby took over his feelings for the girl, which were

destructive and almost destroyed him. The girl had a ruinous influence on him as

she occupied his mind taking him away from his sleep and schoolwork. She haunted

his mind when he was not around her. In A Sunrise On The Veld, the character had

a purposeful obsession. One that taught him valuable lessons about life, for

example, that nature can be hostile, and not to take it for granted. There was a

difference in what the boys learned from their experiences. The boy in Araby

learned something about himself. He learned that his love for the girl was

one-sided, unreal and its only basis was in his feelings. It was not a mutual

feeling and therefore may have destroyed what he felt for her. However, the

boy?s joy for nature in A Sunrise On The Veld probably did not go away even

after witnessing the buck being devoured by ants. He learned about death and

that existence is finite. There is a difference also, in the sources of the pain

of the characters. One felt and empathized with a buck?s suffering and the

other boy felt his own pain from within himself. One exceptional similarity

between both characters was that they both felt pain deeply and both suffered.

Both authors incorporated techniques for developing the general idea of the

short stories through the settings and images. The setting in Araby was in

Dublin, in a conventional, quiet neighborhood. The boy lived in a prison-like

house. The air was musty and nothing was taken care of. The gardens were growing

wild, the books in his house were in a state of ruin, and a priest, the former

tenant of the house, had died in one of the rooms. The atmosphere was dark,

dismal, and depressing. The character lived in a run down district where street

gangs existed. It was the winter season and street lamps were weak which gave

additional images of darkness. These examples suggested images of decay, death,

and imprisonment. An opposing image existed in the form of the boy?s

friend?s older sister and the bazaar in Araby. This gave images of escape and

hope as well as opposing images of Dublin and Araby, darkness opposing light.

Araby, written in the third person, had tones in, which were illusory and

subjective. The character is dealing with his feelings and with the relationship

that exists there and is mostly imaginary. The setting and images of this story

offered a mood that was bleak. The boy?s mood and the external surroundings

were in sympathy with each other. For example, at the end of the day when the

stalls were closing down and there was not enough time, this provided an

external mood that was in harmony with his inward mood. The setting of A Sunrise

On The Veld took place in an open, grassy areas or as the title indicates, in an

actual veld. The season is winter in this story, early morning, approximately

two hours before sunrise. The air smelled new and fresh, it was the beginning of

a new day. There were descriptions of nature, for example: the wall of trees;

the grass was described as tall; and there was a river around him. The narrator

described the beauty and variety of nature. The character had dogs running along

with him, and so the atmosphere suggested life and energy. The story, written in

the first person, had a tone of objectiveness. The objects were real, in front

of him, and existed outside of his mind. There were several notable images. In

one image, the description of his home compared to the vastness of the veld; his

home was described as low and small under a brilliant sky. This projected

man?s insignificance compared to the vastness of nature. At one point after he

leaped in the air over rocks and shouted as he ran, he stopped for a moment and

reflected that he could have broken his ankle at any moment. His enjoyment could

be disturbed as suddenly as had happened for the buck. He learned that his joy

was precarious and fragile and could betaken away at any given time. He

described bitter odors after encountering the dying animal, and the atmosphere

became depressing. There was suffering, sickness, and anger. There was a sense

of the shortness of time and the character realized that he too was mortal. He

got a fore taste of his own death and the idea that he too will die one day.

There was a contrast between the beauty of the surroundings and the newness of

the early morning and the death of the buck; it stood out in contrast. In the

short stories, through all components, confrontations, and experiences both

characters were brought out of themselves for a brief period and then forever

saw the world in a different and more realistic way. They became more aware of

the collective nature of existence, and of how their own lives were affected by

outside influences, beyond their control.