Romero Essay, Research Paper

Among those commemorated in new statues on the west front of Westminster Abbey

"I am bound, as a pastor, by divine command to give my life for those whom

I love, and that is all Salvadoreans, even those who are going to kill me."

These words appeared in a newspaper just two weeks before Archbishop Romero was

shot while celebrating Holy Communion in the hospital which had been his home

since his enthronement in 1977. Quiet, unassuming, conservative in temperament

and regarded by the church as safely orthodox, he was an unlikely martyr for the

cause of liberation. Oscar Arnulfo Romero y Goldamez was born (1917) in the town

of Cindad Barrios, in the mountains of El Salvador near the border with

Honduras. Leaving school at twelve he began an apprenticeship as a carpenter,

showing promise as a craftsman, but soon thought about ordination, although his

family were not keen. He trained at San Miguel and San Salvador, before

completing his theological studies in Rome. Because of the war in Europe there

was no member of his family at his ordination in 1942. Returning to San Salvador

in 1944, he served as a country priest before taking charge of two seminaries.

In 1966 he became secretary to the El Salvador Bishop?s Conference – a post he

held for 23 years. He earned a reputation as an energetic administrator and his

inspirational sermons were broadcast across the city of San Miguel by five radio

stations. Oscar became bishop in 1970, serving first as assistant to the aged

Archbishop of San Salvador and from 1974 as Bishop of Santiago de Maria. Within

three years he was Archbishop of San Salvador. At that time there was growing

unrest in the country, as many became more aware of the great social injustices

of the peasant economy. Nearly 40% of the land was owned by a tiny percentage of

the population – "a nucleus of families who don?t care about the

people? To maintain and increase their margin of profit they repress the

people". The majority of ordinary people led impoverished and insecure

lives. Groups of Christians formed to engage in study, worship and group

discussion, aiming to follow the gospels and their implications for society.

These ?Basic Communities? each had their own priest, and a leader elected

from among the group. The landowners were alarmed at the sight of uneducated

peasants choosing their own spokesmen and concerning themselves with social

issues in the name of Christianity. Virulent press campaigns were conducted

against them, with accusations of Marxism. Right-wing gangs emerged to carry out

active persecution and killings. Men and women just vanished without trace or

reason. Death squads roamed the countryside and soldiers attacked any protesters

in the square of the capital. Romero protested at the killing of men and women

who had "taken to the streets in orderly fashion to petition for justice

and liberty". There were, of course, those who sought change through

violence, seizing land and giving landowners cause to react, but Oscar Romero

condemned all forms of what he called ?the mysticism of violence?. One

priest, Fr. Rutilio Grande, was particularly outspoken in denouncing the

injustices against the 30,000 peasants working thirty-five sugar-cane farms in

his area. Archbishop Romero defended Fr. Grande against official criticism:

"The government should not consider a priest who takes a stand for social

justice, as a politician, or a subversive element, when he is fulfilling his

mission in the politics of the common good". In March 1977, Fr. Grande and

two companions were murdered. Archbishop Romero was summoned to view the bodies

- a hint of what happens to meddlesome priests. This and the lack of any

official enquiry convinced him that the government employed – or at least

supported – people who killed for political convenience. He responded by

prohibiting the celebration of Mass anywhere in the country on the following

Sunday except at his own Cathedral, a celebration to which all the faithful were

invited – and came – overflowing in their thousands into the plaza outside. The

event served to unite the faithful and remove any doubts about Romero?s

commitment to justice. The government of course was furious, even more so as the

church began to document civil rights abuses and seek the truth in a country

governed by lies. Visiting the Pope in 1979, Archbishop Romero presented him

with seven dossiers filled with reports and documents describing injustices in

El Salvador. Less than a year later he was killed. In the sermon just minutes

before his death, Archbishop Romero reminded his congregation of the parable of

the wheat. "Those who surrender to the service of the poor through love of

Christ, will live like the grains of wheat that dies. It only apparently dies.

If it were not to die, it would remain a solitary grain. The harvest comes

because of the grain that dies? We know that every effort to improve society,

above all when society is so full of injustice and sin, is an effort that God

blesses; that God wants; that God demands of us". He gladly accepted what

he knew would happen.