Herodotus Essay, Research Paper

Herodotus, the first Greek historian, has been called by some "the father

of history" and by others "the father of lies." Born in 485 B.C

to a wealthy family at Halicarnassus, in Asia Minor, he was exiled to Samos soon

after his birth because of his family?s opposition to the Persian domination

of Ionia. During his youth, he traveled widely, studying the manners, customs,

and religions of the people he encountered. His histories are made up of tales

told to him by people from Egypt, Syria, Babylon, Colchis, Paeonian and

Macedonia. He was criticized by several ancient writers for creating stories and

passing them off as the truth. Herodotus is most famous for the nine books he

wrote on the rise of the Persian Empire, the Persian invasion of Greece in 490

BC and 480 BC, and the final Greek victory. Although it received quite a lot of

praise and is still considered a masterpiece, it?s trustworthiness has been

questioned both in ancient and modern times. The story that I?m covering is of

Rhampsinitus and the Thief (pg. 277). This is a tale that Herodotus learned in

Egypt and many believe that this anecdote was told to him by Egyptian priests,

claiming it a true story. Herodotus, himself, didn?t actually believe this

particular story but he felt it was his duty to report what he was told. Now,

for those of you who didn?t read it, I?ll quickly give a brief synopsis of

the story. A dying father tells his two sons how to break into the king?s

vault, which he, himself, built. The father then dies, leaving the family with

no way to support themselves. So the two sons begin their thieving. They manage

to escape with the treasure three times before the king sets up a trap, in which

one of the brothers gets caught. At his captured brother?s urging, the other

brother cuts his sibling?s head off, taking it with his, so the family?s

identity would not be known. The next day, the king was bewildered at the sight

of a headless thief. He then ordered his sentries to hang the body on the outer

wall and arrest anybody seen mourning the headless corpse. The two thieves?

mother, so absolutely distraught over the death of her son, threatens her

surviving son, saying that if he didn?t collect the his brother?s body, she

would turn him in herself. With that, he quickly devised a plan. He got two

donkeys and filled some skins with wine, draping them over the two animal?s

backs. When he reached where his brother hung and where the sentinels stood

guard, he pulled down the corners of the skins, letting the wine pour to the

ground. He then began to panic, pretending that he didn?t know what to do. The

guards saw this wine running freely and ran, with buckets in hand to collect the

wine, with the intention to drink it all themselves. The thief, pretending to be

furious, began to scream and yell at the guards. The guards, wanting to keep

their wine and not create a fuss with the boy, invited him to drink with them.

Then the guards become to drunk to stay up and pass out, leaving the thief to

take down his brother?s body, and to shave each of the guard?s beards,

ridiculing them. The king was furious at what the thief had done, so he sets his

daughter in a room with the order to consort with all the men that came to her.

But before they enjoy her she must compel each man to tell her the cleverest

thing that they?d ever done. If a man told a story similar to that of the

thief, then she should hold him and not let him get away. The thief, seeing

through the king?s trap, wanted to surpass the king in resourcefulness. He

then cuts the arm off a freshly dead man and takes it with him underneath his

cloak. He then meets with the king?s daughter and confesses to the thieving

and the murder of his brother. The daughter then reaches to grab him but the

thief slips away, leaving her with a dead man?s arm. The king is so astounded

at the wit and daring of the thief that he sent word to every city of immunity

and a promise of a great reward if the thief comes forward. The thief trusts the

king?s word and goes to the palace. Rhampsinitus, the king, admires the thief

so greatly that he gives him his daughter as a wife and declares that this man

understands more than anyone else in the world, saying: ?The Egyptians excel

all others and this man the rest of the Egyptians.? Like many fables and

ancient stories, this one involves a simple nobody, a commoner, rising above

their superior either in physical strength or intellect. The king and his

sentinels are outsmarted many times by an ordinary boy. The thief in this case

is never referred to as a man, but as a boy until the last part of the story,

when the king realizes him as being quite clever. The story focuses on the

boy?s progress from boy to manhood. Along the way he encounters many obstacles

he must overcome or be destroyed. The first obstacle he was able to over come

with ease. He and his brother broke into the king?s vault without being

detected. However the next obstacle is a major challenge: his brother is caught

and he has to kill his brother or suffer the destruction of his family. He had

to make the terrible choice. The obstacles continue to become progressively

difficult. He now has to retrieve his brother?s body without being detected.

Here you see his bravery, courage, and superior intellect. He is able to use his

mind to escape the trap that was set for him. This development is crucial to the

story and his growth. The king is furious and set another trap, this time using

his daughter as the bait. Now the boy is engaged in a full battle of wits with

the king and again his clever mind saves him. In many fables the hero in order

to prove himself as a man goes off to find a dragon to slay, defeat, or convert

– tame. In this case the boy becomes a man by defeating and converting his

dragon, the king. The king is a man of honor and he acknowledges the young

man?s superior wit, pardons him, gives him riches, and his daughter?s hand

in marriage. And he has now earned the right to be referred to as a man. On the

surface this seems like a simple story. However it should be viewed as a

metaphor for the stages we go through in life. If you think about the main

characters in movies or books you?ve read, or even your own lives, you see

that growth happens through the challenges faced. These challenges seem to be

progressively difficult. Look at your own lives. Your challenges may be

different from the boy?s but there have been events in your own lives that you

had to come to terms with and overcome in order to be where you are now. There

is much to be learnt from this story if we take the time to look beneath the

surface.