Hydraulics And Pneumatics Essay, Research Paper

SCIENCE RECERCH PAPER

Technology has had a big impact on our world. Today I am going to discus the influence of hydraulics and pneumatics. The basic principal in hydraulics and pneumatics is pressure equals force divided by area (P = F/A). Hydraulics make use of water like the hydraulic lift. Pneumatics makes use of air like the hovercraft for instance.

INTRODUCTION

The basic principle is pressure equals force divided by area. If the area is small than the pressure used will be less. If the area is large than the pressure will also increase. Lets say that the pressure is 3 than the force would be 6 and the area would be 2, but lets say that we want to increase the force, but keep the pressure the same. We would change the 6 to a 9, and the 2 to a 3.

HYDRAULIC MACHINES

A hydraulic machine makes use of pressure in a liquid. It does this with a set of two or more cylinders connected by pipes containing the hydraulic fluid. In each cylinder is a piston. To work the machine, force is applied to one cylinder, which is known as the master cylinder . This rises the pressure of the fluid throughout the whole system, and the in the other cylinders- the slave cylinders- move out and perform the useful action. The force produced by each slave cylinder depends on its diameter. Hydraulic machines work on the same principal as levers and gears: the wider the slave cylinder, the greater the force it applies, and the shorter is the distance that it moves. As the levers and gears, the converse also applies, so a narrow slave cylinder moves a large distance with reduced force.

HYDRAULIC LIFT

A hydraulic lift in a garage easily rises the great weight of a car for inspection. Although it contains only one piston, it does work by hydraulics. Air is pumped by a compressor into an oil reservoir where it increases the pressure of the oil. The oil reservoir acts as the master cylinder. The high-pressure oil than flows to the base of the cylinder where it forces up a piston carrying the car. Closing the oil valve keeps the piston extended. To lower the car, the air valve is opened to remove the compressed air from the oil reservoir, reducing the oil pressure and alowing the piston to descend.

The innovation of the hydraulic lift is that we are able to lift heavy machines such as cars and trucks. Without it we would have to struggle for days to fix a car. With it only takes a couple of hours and the job is done. The effects on the other hand are the pollution. The oil in the tank will give of pollution. Also the compressed air is very dangerous if there is heat nearby.

PNEUMATIC MACHINES

Air possesses considerable power when placed under pressure, and when compressed it can be used to drive machines. Pneumatic or air-driven molecules all make use of the force exerted by air molecules striking a surface. The compressed air exerts a greater pressure than the air on the other side of the surface, which is at atmospheric pressure. The distance in pressure drives the machine.

HOVERCRAFT

A hovercraft exploits the power of compressed air to lift itself above the surface of the water or ground. Buoyed up by a cushion of air, it can than float and travel rapidly because there is little friction with the water or ground. The hovercraft uses propellers for horizontal movement and rudders for steering. These may operate in the air, as in an aircraft, or underwater like those in a ship. Gas turbines or piston engines drive both the lift fans that compress the air and pump it into a flexible skirt and also the propellers. The innovations of the hovercraft are that we are able to move on earth and on water using the same machine. The effects of the hovercraft are pollution because it uses gas in the gas turbines.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, all of the machines using hydraulics or pneumatics is related to the ENVIROMENT because they use the elements and also because they can pollute. They are also linked to HOMO FABER because they are created by humans. HEALTH AND SOCIAL EDUCATION is linked to the machines because the creators have to work cooperatively with other people and APPROCHES TO LEARNING because they have to manage there time effectively.

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