Hippopotamus: Endangered Species Essay, Research Paper

Jason Wapiennik

Mr. Trippeer, Biology

January 6th, 1997

The Hippopotamus: Endangered Species Report

The ban on elephant ivory trading has slowed down the poaching of elephants, but

now poachers are getting their ivory from another creature, the hippopotamus. For

the poacher, the hippo is an easy target. They stay together for long hours in muddy

water pools, as many as eighty-one can be found in a single square mile. This

concentration is so big it’s only second to that of the elephant. Poachers kill the

animal, then pick out the teeth and sell them for as much as seventy dollars per kilo.

This is a very cheap price. Elephant ivory sells for as much as five-hundred dollars

per kilo. The reason the price-per-kilo is so slow is because hippo ivory is very

brittle compared to the much stronger elephant ivory.

Elephant ivory is no longer at the biggest risk for poaching; hippo ivory is. Eastern

Zaire once had one of the largest hippo populations in the world, around 23,000

hippos. According to a count done in 1994, this number has now dropped to

11,000. The 1989 ban on elephant ivory is the main cause attributed to the

exponential rise to hippo ivory trade.

“European and African activists are petitioning advocacy groups, including last

week’s annual Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species in Florida,

for a ban on hippo poaching. But they say they’re a long way from putting an end to

the slaughter.” (Howard & Koehl)

The hippopotamus is an enormous amphibious animal with smooth, hairless skin.

Hippos can be found in Liberia, the Ivory Coast, and a few can also be found in

Sierra Leone and Guinea. Hippos used to be found anywhere south of the Sahara

Desert where they could find enough water and plenty of room to graze. Now, due

to poachers and predation they are confined to protected areas, but they can still

sometimes be seen in many major rivers and swamps.

Hippos need water that is deep enough to cover them, but it also has to be very close

to a pasture. They must wallow in the water because their thin, hairless skin is

vulnerable to overheating and dehydration. Hippos were once thought to sweat

blood. Actually, hippos secrete a pinkish colored oil that helps them keep their skin

moist in the hot African climate.

Hippos are herbivores. They prefer the short grass of African plains to any other

possible food. They normally eat up to eighty-eight pounds of this grass nightly,

which they mow away a large patch at a time with their twenty-inch muscular lips.

Hippos spend most of their days in the water or wallowing in the mud, only coming

up on land to feed at night.

Hippos defecate in the water. Their dung provides essential basic elements for the

food chain. Tiny microorganisms feed on it and then larger animals feed on those

organisms. On land, hippos’ large bodies make trails through the vegetation that

other animals may use for easy access to water holes. Because hippos’ favorite food

is short grass, they keep these grasses well-trimmed which may help to prevent grass

fires. Hippos are an important part of the African ecosystem.

If the hippos become extinct, and the likelihood grows more and more each day, the

repercussions it may have on the fragile African ecosystem are tremendous. Imagine

a brush fire consuming acres of previously-livable land under the hot African sun.

These people have no way to put out fires like we do here in the U.S.. The fires in

California were barely maintainable. In short, if the hippos die, everything

dependent on the hippo and it’s way-of-life also suffers.

Bibliography

Brust, Beth W. Zoobooks: Hippos. San Diego: Wildlife Education, Ltd., 1989.

Estes, Richard. The Safari Companion. Simon & Schuster, 1991.

MacDonald, David (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Mammals. Vol. 2. London: George,

Allen & Unwin, 1984.

Redmond, Ian. “Africa’s Four Legged Whale,” Wildlife Conservastion. Jan.-Feb.

1991, pp 60-69.