Telecommuting Essay, Research Paper

Telecommuting is an electronic mode of doing work outside the office that

traditionally has been done in the office. This is done with a computer terminal

in the employee’s home. It is working at home utilizing current technology,

such as computers, modems, and fax machines. Traditionally, people have

commuted by cars, buses, trains, and subways, to work and back. Through

the innovation of telecommuting, the actual necessity to change location in

order to accomplish this task has been challenged on the basis of concerns

for energy conservation, loss of productivity, and other issues. One

advantage of telecommuting is energy conservation. A tremendous amount of

energy is required to produce transportation equipment such as automobiles,

buses trains, and subways. If telecommuting is promoted, there will be less

use of this equipment and less energy will be required for production,

maintenance, and repair of this equipment. Fuel resources needed to operate

this equipment will be reduced. The building and repair of highways and

maintenance require a large consumption of energy, not only in the operation

of equipment, but also in the manufacture and transportation of the required

materials. An increase in the percentage of people telecommuting to work will

decrease the need for expanded highways and associated road maintenance.

Once a person arrives at a central office working location, he or she

represents another energy consumer, often times magnified over what would

be required at home. The office building has heating, cooling, and lighting

needs, and the materials to build it and maintain it require energy in their

production and transportation. Working from home requires only modest

incremental demands on energy for heating, cooling, and lighting needs, and

makes effective use of existing building space and facilities. Telecommuting

also improves productivity. With telecommuting, one no longer needs to be

always preparing for the commute and for being “presentable”. One can go to

work simply by tossing on a robe and slippers, grabbing a cup of coffee and

sitting down at the terminal. Employees are no longer interrupted by the idle

chatter that inevitably takes place at the central work place – some of it useful

for work, but a lot of it is a waste of time and a perpetual interruption.

Additionally, telecommuting reduces family related stress by allowing

involvement with family and flexibility in location work site. Working in the

home offers people a greater opportunity to share quality time with family

members, to promote family values and develop stronger family ties and

unity. Also, time saved through telecommuting could be spent with family

members constructively in ways that promote and foster resolution of family

problems. Since the actual location a telecommuter works from isn’t relevant,

the person could move to another town. This would alleviate the stress

caused when a spouse has an opportunity to pursue his or her career in

another town and must choose between a new opportunity or no opportunity,

because their spouse does not want to or cannot change employment. If

either person could telecommute, the decision would be much easier.

Telecommuting does have its disadvantages. The most obvious disadvantage

is the overwhelming cost of starting a telecommuting program. A study by

Forrester Research, Inc. reveals that it costs $30,000 to $45,000 a head to

train prospective telecommuters. After the first year, however, per-user

spending is cut to about $4,000. Employees are starting to see telecommuting

policies as a benefit, and companies offering it will be more competitive.

Another disadvantage is the psychological impact it may have on employees.

Executives who have labored for years to win such corporate status symbols

as secretaries and luxurious corner offices are reluctant to shed their

hard-won perks. Some employees also complain that their creativity has been

dampened by lack of interaction with their co-workers. A telecommuting

program can be put in place by following a few tips from “Lower costs spur

move to more telecommuting,” an article by Mindy Blodgett: 1) Form a

telecommuting team that includes technical experts, upper managers and

human resources staff, and assign a telework coordinator. 2) Contact other

companies to learn from their experiences. 3) Train participants and

supervisors. 4) Monitor the program through surveys before and after a pilot