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In “A Confissao De Lucio” The Identity Of Marta Is The Principal Mystery Essay, Research Paper
Much of what happens in “A confissão de
Lúcio” seems inexplicable.
Sá-Carneiro’s presentation of the supernatural in
the story is a mystery that both the characters and the reader
try to solve. Marta’s identity is indeed a great mystery
since the question of her existence has a major bearing on the
outcome of the story. The relationship between Lucio and Ricardo
also ties in with Marta and is an aspect that should be
considered. ??????????? There is little rational evidence to show that
Marta is a real human being. Indeed, the only active dialogue
that we encounter is at one of Ricardo’s dinners: “Que beijo tan desengraçado!
Parece impossivel que ainda não saiba dar um
beijo…” It is still perfectly possible that Marta really exists in the
context of the supernatural nature of the story, especially since
we must often look for irrational evidence to make sense of the
plot. Despite the fact that Ricardo refers to Marta vaguely in
his letter, he is still mentions her as another human being.
Ricardo’s separation from Lúcio suggests that there
is little ground for interaction between the two. It is on these
occasions when there is less clarity about Marta’s physical
existence. Marta’s actions are often described in relative
detail as opposed to a vagueness which would cast her in a less
realistic light. For example, her lovemaking with Lúcio is
described in detail. Interestingly, her body is that of a
female’s: Lúcio describes her as having long hair
and female sexual organs. If Ricardo and Marta were to be the
same person, this would be a conflicting detail if we were to
look at it literally. One could argue that Sá-Carneiro had
to make a strong linkage with reality to make such a character
viable; otherwise the reader would look to Lúcio’s
experimental mind and his possible insanity for an answer. ??????????? There is significantly more evidence suggesting
that Marta does not physically exist. It is Ricardo’s
words: “…para ser amigo de alguem…forçoso
me seria antes possuir quem eu estimasse, ou mulher ou homem. Mas
uma criatura do nosso sexo, não a podemos possuir. Logo eu
so poderia ser amigo de uma criatura do meu sexo, se essa
criatura ou eu mudassemos de sexo…” which create the need for Marta’s supernatural
existence. Indeed, Lúcio doubts about her reality. No
mention is made about her background and despite his
often-unsubtle attempts to extract information about her,
Lúcio never finds out conclusively about Marta.
Lúcio says that once an event is forgotten it is as if
it never existed. This ambiguity runs throughout the story
– since events are recalled in retrospect there is the
chance that they are not remembered correctly or did not even
take place. The culminating evidence that Marta does not exist
must be her vanishing at the end of the story; Lúcio also
sees her disappear at a musical soiree and states that it was if
she never existed. It is bizarre that Lúcio
“forgets” to enquire about her and that he cannot
remember the crucial event which started the relationship. It is
as if Lúcio has realised that, in telling his story he has
missed out crucial details about Marta and has attempted to
obscure them. If this were true, one could take a less probable
view: that Lúcio is covering up for Marta and is
purposefully making her a vague character.? ??????????? Marta is an intermediary in the relationship
between Ricardo and Lúcio. One of the mysteries in the
story is whether her existence ( in the supernatural sense )
facilitates a homosexual relationship between the two men or
whether she is a part of a real love triangle. Indeed,
Lúcio speculates as to whether she has had relationships
with every single man she has had by her side. This concept makes
her identity even more obscure. Did Ricardo need to use Marta on
men such as the Russian count and Narciso do Amaral? He does
admit that he: “…sent her off to embrace that
Warginsky …he seemed so loyal…so worthy of my
affection…”which hints at a failed relationship. The
fact that Ricardo never mentions her infidelity hints at the
direct relationship between the two men. Much of the emphasis
that Lúcio places in the novella (mainly the italicised
sentences) depicts Marta as being a figment of the imagination.
She could be said to embody the “além” –
a concept that both protagonists believe in. There is great
ambiguity about the sort of relationship between Ricardo and
Lúcio. Ricardo needs to feel affection for someone to be
his friend, previously he had only felt tenderness. This attitude
describes a feeling of possession on Ricardo’s part.
Despite the fact that it is Lúcio who describes enjoying
the relationship with Marta/Ricardo, it is the latter who
actively suggests his love for Lúcio: “Só se te beijasse, te enlaçasse, se te
possuisse…” Possibly, the outcome of the story is as such because Ricardo
can never fully realise what he believes to be a complete
friendship/relationship and that Lúcio does not
reciprocate in the same way. Indeed it is Lúcio who
appears startled at Ricardo’s revelation: that he has
realised that Ricardo truly thinks in the same way as
him:????? ??????????? “Eu era alguem a cujos pés, sobre
uma estrada lisa, cheia de sol e árvores, se cavasse de
súbito um abismo de fogo.” ? Marta’s identity certainly does have a great relevance
to the outcome of the story. If she were a real physical
existence, the shooting event would appear to be too obscure. One
would suppose that the characters on the periphery of the plot
like the police, the judges and the servants would have a
realistic conscience and that someone as crucial to the case as
Marta would be discovered. The reader could well conclude that
Lucio is insane or that this image of Marta has evolved to such
an extent that she is a real human being by the time of the
murder. On the other hand, if Marta were just an illusion, the
final scene would be equally unclear. We can rationally conclude
that Ricardo tries to kill her (who is within his soul) and so
kills himself. ??????????? The “além” is another
mysterious aspect of the novel. One can categorise the bizarre
scenes in the novella. “O fantástico” is
different to the supernatural in that it is an indecision between
two domains and types of interpretation. There is a
“strangeness” that can be seen through a natural
unveiling that the narrative seems to present or there is the
“maravilhoso” which is simply the acceptance of an
irrational world. Lúcio especially presents the reader
with seemingly irrational thoughts and visions, whether we should
look into the less important aspects of Lúcio’s
conscience is debateable. The supernatural does however, give the
reader an insight into Lúcio’s character as well as
giving grounds for Marta’s existence. The very fact that
the supernatural is irrational is a reason not to find a fixed
meaning in the “além”. One should investigate
these supernatural thoughts to find evidence on the split
personalities and interpretations in the story.?????????????
? ????????? ? ??????????? ???? In conclusion, Marta’s identity is the
principal mystery in “A confissão de
Lúcio” ?since there are so many inconclusive
theories about her. Lucio’s portrayal of her through his
visions of the “além” gives her a completely
unrealistic character but at the same time her actions often lead
the reader to believe that she must physically exist.
Lúcio’s relationship with Ricardo is a provocative
one and is equally inconclusive. In the context of the plot it
has less relevance but Ricardo’s outpouring of his emotions
at the end of the story goes a certain way in establishing their
feelings for one another. The murder is obviously a great mystery
and hinges on whether or not Marta is physically present. But if
one were to take the view that Ricardo had killed his soul (and
thus Marta) it would therefore be suicide and not so much of a
confusing end.?
3ad