The Dying Dreams Essay, Research Paper

Arthur Miller profoundly explores the subject of morality and human values in his two famous plays, Death of a Salesman and All My Sons. Though dealing with a common topic , the works contain major differences that help to make them unique.

Death of a Salesman describes the tragedy behind shattered dreams and the effects that they bring on entire families. It focuses greatly on illusions created by individuals and the inability of those individuals to except reality. All My Sons, on the other hand, explores the frightening reality of people s insensitivity and their moral values and the illusions created to cover up the tragic reality. The reality versus illusion theme exhibits the parallelisms and the distinctions between the plays. The subject of human values may be compared through the points of view, the imagery, and the life lessons of the two works.

All My Sons denounces immorality more directly then Death of a Salesman. Joe Keller s refusal to stop the shipment of cracked cylinder heads causes the deaths of innocent American soldiers. The grim reality is that he allowed the people who were defending him and fighting next to his sons to die, thus committing the ultimate sin of murder. In All My Sons Joe Keller immensely influences the lives of many outside his family while caring only about his own. By contrast, in Death of a Salesman Willy Lowman commits adultery, a rather minor sin when compared with murder. His influence is limited only to the lives of his wife and sons, while he desires to impact the lives of those outside his family. Arthur Miller emphasizes the destruction of lives more apparently in All My Sons then in Death if a Salesman. However, both plays are linked to events dealing with acquisition of money. The theme of material wealth can often be noticed as the basis for many actions in the two works. Joe Keller commits the terrible act because he fears loosing his business and thus, not being able to provide for his family materially. He willingly chooses money over the lives of the soldiers and over the life of his friend and partner. Similarly, Willy Lowman s every action in life revolves around money and material success. His obsession with acquiring wealth destroys his relationship with Biff and his own sanity and happiness. Willy has an affair only to further himself in his career, only to attract more customers. Also, his inauthentic dream for Biff centers solely around wealth. Willy explains to Biff that a man is measured by his success and his popularity, a lesson that cannot be described as moral. Another common theme of the plays is the constant lying. The characters of both works rarely tell the truth to themselves and to each other. Biff s words in Death of a Salesman, …We never told the truth for ten minutes in this house!… . depict the reality present in both All My Sons and Death of a Salesman. Through the two plays Arthur Miller explores several themes that deal with human values through different points of view that sometimes parallel each other greatly.

Many distinctions can be seen in Miller s use of imagery throughout both plays. Surprisingly, despite the heavy moral content of All My Sons, in Death of a Salesman Miller uses imagery more vividly and more abundantly. Death of a Salesman incorporates the clever use of time, foreshadowing, and also music all throughout the play. Willy s constant flashbacks, though at times perplexing to the reader, create a nostalgic and sorrowful atmosphere. They accurately present Willy s longing for the past, for the lost time, and irreparable mistakes. Through perpetual referral to the past Miller allows the reader to journey inside the mind and the spirit of a troubled man. The play is constructed on this time travel into the past which brings about the dreams of the future. Willy s flashbacks into the past also generate an air of anticipation. During one of the early flashbacks when Willi remembers a day with his boys Miller foreshadows Biff s future when Willi asks Bernard to give Biff the answers to a Regents exam. …There s nothing the matter with him!…He s got spirit, personality.., insists Willy, refusing to accept the truth once again. Miller s use of music also provokes foresight since whenever the music appears so does Ben. Ben s entrances are always accompanied by music because Willy regards him and all he stands for as a vision from heaven, the highest form of personal success and happiness. The music is also the alluring attraction that slowly draws Willy in, encouraging and inviting him softly. On the other hand, All My Sons incorporates the use of the past only at the end of the play, creating a totally different effect. When Larry s letter is brought up, the past is stirred. This brings about intensity and apprehension, but also a resolution because all the secrets are revealed and soon after Joe kills himself.

The time travel exist only through Larry s disappearance and Kate s persistent reference to it. Joe attempts to forget the past that is awakened only by Annie s arrival and his dreams for the future are vague and not incessant. Thus, the use of time is only significant at the finale of the work. Miller also intrigues the reader through foreshadowing. The most notable and apparent instance of foreshadowing is Larry and his disappearance. Miller hints at the importance of this fact throughout the entire play but reveals the answer only at the end. Another example of foreshadowing is the arrival of George. During the early mentions of this name the reader senses that there will be trouble but without concrete ideas to base the premonitions on. The use imagery is limited to the past and foreshadowing in All My Sons, where the mention of music is nonexistent. The contrasting imagery of the plays is based on the differences in the effects desired by the author.

Despite the differences in points of view and imagery, the works share major life lessons that they put forth. All My Sons emphasizes that immoral acts will not be forgotten and will always come back and haunt, as does Death of a Salesman. Years after the shipment of the cracked cylinder heads Joe s deed resurfaces, costing him his son and his life. In the play Miller also denounces the quest for material success. Through Joe s action and fate he portrays the importance of putting people before money, thus explaining that money is not everything in life. A similar parallel can be drawn to Death of a Salesman. Willy Lowman s fate depicts that quest for wealth prevents a person from realizing and enjoying what he has. Willy s unrealistic dream for money costs him his son and his life since his affair is merely a result of his obsession.

Though the plays share points of view, imagery, and life lessons, they are distinct and individual. Death of a Salesman profoundly explores the disillusionment of one man and the effect that it has on his family. Arthur Miller describes one man s obsession with wealth and popularity through the use of time, foreshadowing, and music, and thus, putting forth important morals of life. All My Sons deals with betrayal and death and the effects of the actions of one man upon the lives of many. The author portrays the lack of responsibility to the mankind and the lack of human values through Joe Keller with the use of the past and anticipation. Despite their distinctions, All My Sons and Death of a Salesman are parallel depictions of human morals and their lack, both are powerful portrayals of personal drama and tragedy.