North Vs. SouthThe Civil War Essay, Research Paper

Causes of the civil war

200 Years of Slavery In 1808, congress prohibited importing anymore slaves into thecountry. But Slavery still went on until 1850. That was was about the twohundredth year it had existed in the United States. They had sent severalthousand slaves back to what is now Liberia.Eli Whitney and the Cotton Gin Eli Whitney was in Savannah, Georgia visiting a friend. Whitney wasa Yale college graduate. He invented an easy to make and cheap cotton ginthat was very profitable. It removed the seeds from cotton.How Cotton Affected Slaves After the cotton gin and the cotton press had been invented, productionwas increased a lot. The slaves were now more valuable to their owners. Itresulted in them being treated better.The Abolitionist Movement There were mostly white people from the free states that wanted toabolish slavery. They were called abolitionists. They were mostly religiouspeople that said it would be a sin not to stop it. They also quoted theDeclaration of Independence that said we are all created equally which washard to object.Harriet Ross Tubman Harriet Ross Tubman, a black abolitionist from Maryland, moved toPennsylvania and became a cook there. She earned the nickname ?Moses?by freeing two hundred to three hundred slaves by escaping to the northernstates.Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass was a black abolitionist. He tried to escape a firsttime but he was captured. Two years later, he successfully escaped slavery.He was known to be one of the best people at giving speeches. Later, hewrote a book called The North Star.Fugitive Slave Act Under this new law, slaves that escaped from the south and were livingin the north could be captured and brought back to the south. Most slavesfled to Canada to escape slavery completely. In only a few years, about twohundred blacks were captured.Segregation Although the northern states were against slavery, most white peoplewere prejudice against blacks. They were not to be where white people were.This is called being segregated or segregation.Uncle Tom?s Cabin Uncle Tom?s Cabin was a book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. Itwas written in 1852 and tried to make the point that the slave system was atfault and not the white farmers that profited.Kansas-Nebraska Act After the northerners had become more and more concerned with theslaves, they had the Kansas-Nebraska act. They would let the people theredecide if there should be slavery.Popular Sovereignty Popular sovereignty is a system that allowed settlers in each territory todecide whether or not they would have slavery.Bleeding Kansas The town of Lawrence in Kansas had become the headquarters ofanti-slavery settlers. On May 21, an army of Missourians led by SheriffJones marched in and thrashed two printing presses by throwing them into ariver and burned The Free State hotel.The Dred Scott Case Dred Scott was a slave. In 1833, Dred Scott was sold to an armydoctor named John Emerson. When Emerson died, they sued Missouri fortheir freedom.The Lincoln-Douglas Debates Abraham Lincoln was a successful lawyer. He was chosen to be therepublican candidate for the senate. Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglaschallenged each other to debate in Illinois and agreed. Lincoln and ?TheLittle Giant? debated and Lincoln? side was hard to disagree with.The Attack On Harpers Ferry John Brown believed it was his duty to stop slavery. He put together asmall army of eighteen men and marched into the south to seize some land.He expected slaves from all around to join him. No one did because he neverinformed anybody of his intentions.The Succession Crisis Lincoln had become president. When he made the comment, ?Ifslavery is not wrong, nothing is wrong,? it was a slap in the face to whitesoutherners. The southern states left the union to continue slavery. This iswhat triggered the civil war.Fort Sumter Fort Sumter was one of three forts in South Carolina in Charleston. Itwas located on an island in the Charleston harbor. When James Buchanan,the president at that time, sent supplies to the fort there were cannons fired atthe ship. These were the first shots fired in the civil war.Jefferson Davis Jefferson Davis from Mississippi was unanimously elected president ofthe confederate states of America. His vice president was AlexanderStephens from Georgia. He was elected to the house of representatives ineighteen eighty five. One year later, when the Mexican war broke out, he leftcongress to be a colonel in the army.

Strengths and WeaknessesEconomicNorth South1. Food 1. Cotton2. Factories, money, and credit 2. Fighting near home3. TransportationMilitaryNorth South1. Manpower 1. Trained and experienced generals2. Standing army 2. Fighting near home3. Navy 3.Option of being defensive4. Firepower 4. High cause of seeking independence5. Arms and ammunition6. Food7. Transportation

BattlesThe Battle of Gettysburg The battle of Gettysburg happened a month after the battle ofChancellorsville. The leader of the north was Meade. The leaders of theSouth were Pickett and Lee. Lee thought another victory over the Northwould cause the United States to give up. They were going to invade theNorth. The confederate troops marched through Maryland and intoPennsylvania. Union troops had raced to intercept them. One of the northernunits had made contact with a confederate detachment in the town ofGettysburg. Meade placed his troops around cemetery ridge outside thetown. Lee?s army was positioned a half a mile away on seminary ridge. Thebattle lasted two days. It raged back and forth fiercely. On July 3, GeneralPickett led 15,000 infantrymen to cemetery ridge. Union reservescounterattacked swiftly and drove off the remaining confederates. The Northhad won.The First Battle of Bull Run The first battle of Bull Run was called the greatest battle on Americansoil. Hundreds of Washingtonians and politicians took their horse drawnbuggies for a picnic and to watch a brief battle. They were expecting theunion troops to beat the confederates. The battle took place near ManassasJunction on the river of Bull Run. The leader of the South was Thomas?Stonewall? Jackson. He earned the nickname stonewall in this battlebecause his men held their ground like a stone wall. The leader of the northwas Mcdowell. The union and the confederates both had about thirtythousand men on the field. Few of the men had any battle experience. Whenthe battle began, most of troops from both sides were hungry, thirsty, andtired. About four and a half hours later, the inexperienced union troopsretreated and headed back to Washington D.C. The confederates capturedmany sightseers and a congressman. The South won this battle.

Military CampaignsNorth Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Capture of Mobile Alabama,Hampton roads Virginia, First battle of bull run, Fredericksburg andChancellorsville, gettysburg, march to the sea, capture of Chattanooga,capture of Savannah, third attack on Richmond, antietamSouth Capture of New Orleans, Vicksburg