Women Participation In Labour Force Essay, Research Paper

The past decades their has been a dramatic increase of women

participating in the labour force from countries all over the

world including Canada. In 1950, one Canadian worker in five was

a woman. By 1980 this percentage had doubled, and women are

expected to make up more than 44 percent of the labour force by

the end of this century.

The increase in female participation started occurring

during the 1970’s. This increase also caused the largest baby

boom that the Canadian female labour force had ever witnessed.

In North America it is common for women to have part-time or

summer jobs, and the participation rate of teenage girls is high.

It is also mostly high throughout the world in places as United

Kingdom because of the fewer women going to school. But in

places like France, Italy, and Japan the female participation

rate is very low. In most of the countries the labour force is

most participated in the age groups between 20 and 24. The

labour force of mature women is very high in Sweden, because of

the encouraged day care facilities which also provides the

females with legislation that provides them with excellent

benefits. In Japan there is a drop in female economic activity,

the reason why is it affects their marriage and the care of their

only child.

An observation of labour force participation rates in Canada

show that female rates rose a lot between 1971 and 1981, while

the male rate rose unnoticeably. The increase in the female

participation rate was found in all age groups except in older

women. For women aged 15 to 19 the rate was as almost as high as

the men. But the largest increase was in the age group of 25-44

years old, where the rate rose almost 50 percent. This meant

that the participation rates of the females had become more alike

with the men.

Family status also influenced the female participation rate

but later on during 1981 it had a more less affect than in 1971.

According to statistics just over one quarter of married women

with young children were working, but this later changed and grew

by 76 percent over the a 10 year period of time. The rate also

showed an increase of 47 percent for widowed, divorced, and

separated women with children. However single women with young

children showed a slight decrease. However the female

participation rate is not so much related to family status as

today as it was many years ago.

During the period of 1971 through 1981 the involvement of

married women went through a major change. Fewer women saw

marriage as a reason to interrupt their participation in the job

force, and couple tended to postpone having children or not

having any at all. While women with young children tended to

participate less in the labour market and quit their jobs more

frequently than men. Females did the exact opposite of what men

did when they had children while working, and in some cases were

actually more stable than men without children. This showed

that the couples attitude towards having children influenced a

decrease in the female labour force participation rate.

In 1981 most women spent an average of 1,247 hours a year

working, compared with 1,431 hours in 1971 which had dropped

about 15 percent. Even men saw their average hours decrease by

13 percent. Not only more women were working, more were working

part-tim for only part of the year which meant more women on the

unemployment rolls. In the 1960’s the unemployment rate for

females was 3 percent and ten years later increased to 7 percent.

Since june 1982 the unemployment rate for men was 11-13 percent

and the women’s just above that rate which could also exceed that

Bibliography

unemployment rolls. In the 1960’s the unemployment rate for

females was 3 percent and ten years later increased to 7 percent.

Since june 1982 the unemployment rate for men was 11-13 percent

and the women’s

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