Advetising Essay, Research Paper

Web Advertising

Web advertising, not to mention the Internet itself, finds itself in a

stage of relative infancy and therefore provides marketers with novel

challenges and situations which need to be dealt with caution . The realm

of Web advertising is unchartered terri tory! In terms of South Africa,

the country finds itsef somewhat behind technologically. However, this may

not prove to be a disadvantage as the uncertain nature of Web advertising

may make a policy of ‘watching and learning’ most viable. What

implications will this new technology have for marketing? What is the

nature of Web advertising? How can a business use the medium effectively ?

Where is all this going ? These questions appear to be most pertinent in

the process of understanding interact ive marketing on the Internet.

The qualified opinion of John Matthee, a Web site designer employed by

Adept Internet (an Internet service provider), was sought in accumulation

of a large sum of the following data. This seems appropriate as the

novelty of Web advertising at this stage h as led to generral lack of

academic data in the practicalities of advertising via this medium.

2) THE INTERNET: AN INTRODUCTION

2.1) Original development of the Internet What was originally created by

the US military to provide a secure means of communication in case of

nuclear war, which has now become known as the Internet, has metamorphosed

into the strategic global communications tool of our era. The end of the

cold w ar left this massive installed structure – initially dubbed

ARPANET- without much of a purpose. Soon universities, major corporations

and governments began to piggyback on to the global framework, extending

its reach and commercialising it. Known as the N et to aficionados, the

Availability of cheap, accessible and easy-to-use Net access points

throughout the world has seen the number of global Internet users increase

dramatically each month. While the convenience of electronic mail was

initial catalyst for Internet growth world wide, it’s the emergence of the

World Wide Web (WWW) multimedia interface that has captured the attention

of prospective users across the globe. The resources available on the WWW

are as varied as they are extensive. There hundreds of thousands of sites

which can be broadly categorised under topics such as sport,

entertainment, finance and many more (Perlman, 1996).

2.2) Development of Internet in South Africa Perlman (1996, p 29) ventured

that ‘South Africa is major global Internet player. It currently rates in

the top 15 in the world terms of Internet growth rates.’ Local user

numbers are certainly fueled by universities, companies and schools. The

genesis of South Africa’s rapid Internet growth seems to stem from UniNet,

the Internet service offered to the countries major tertiary institutions

and steered from Rhod es University. This explains the phenomenon whereby

the majority of local Internet entrepreneurs – many of them are under

thirty and already multi-millionaires – come from tertiary education

backgrounds where they were weaned on readily available Internet

access. Popular ‘browser’ client software for navigating the multimedia

WWW includes Netscape and Microsoft Internet Explorer. On the other end,

there exist approximately 30 local companies which call themselves ISP’s

(Internet Service Providers), which operate in similar fashion to a

cellular company such as Vodacom, providing either dial-up connections to

the Internet and/or leased line connectivity to companies. This has led to

the explosion of a number of related ventures, such as companies who speci

alise in producing multimedia web pages (such as Adept Internet), Internet

commerce, cable companies and modem suppliers (Perlman, 1996).

2.3) Technological Implications for Marketing Joseph (1996, p. 29)

concisely described the situation as such: ‘ Marketing, like most business

disciplines, is undergoing a period of change as a direct result of the

information revolution. The rapidly declining costs of and increasing

power of information processing technology is altering the in which

customers and businesses relate to each other. Marketers, however should

be cautious not to attempt a quantum leap from more traditional meth ods

as this is sure to bring issues such as lack expertise to the fore which

could prove disastrous (Steyn, 1996). Essentially, the point is that as a

marketing drive, the additional services supplied by technology provides

the marketer with the opportunity to gain an edge in the race to win the

consumer. More and more, new technology appears to be focusing on the add

ition of value. On an individual level, for example, the marketer may use

the technology to make himself more accessible to the consumer thus adding

to his service levels. A company may realise added value by investing in

expensive multimedia kiosks which

introduce the subject of interactive marketing (Joseph, 1996). The

emergence of new and revolutionary technology forms a double-bladed sword,

as it can represent both an opportunity and a threat to the business. In

particular, this technology places an interesting and novel challenge on

the shoulders of the modern da y marketer. The failure to utilise these

developments can put the business at a great competitive disadvantage

while even the practical application of the technology can provide major

problems caused simply by the novelty of the options, a general lack of

expertise and the difficulty of accurate prediction (David, 1997). The

process must begin with the individual himself. A marketer who is not

pushing the bounds of personal technological progression is most likely

not inclined to do the same for the company (Joseph, 1996). Joseph (1996,

p.29) concluded that ‘The Internet, multi-faceted appliances and even the

creation of new applications for old technology are all the domain of the

marketing visionary.’

3) THE INTRODUCTION OF INTERACTIVE MARKETING ON THE INTERNET

Internationally, the Internet medium is successfully selling everything

from nuts and bolts to motorcars, property and traditional mail order

products. A pertinent question that arises is: ‘What forces led to either

the accidental emergence of interactive

marketing on the internet or the realisation of a need for the

development of an alternative marketing medium that satisfied specific

consumer or marketer needs?’ Steyn (1996, p.13) introduces the concept of

interactive marketing through the words:’Interactive marketing uses new

technologies to overcome practical database and direct marketing problems

whilst building more rewarding customer relationships’.

From the marketers’ point of view, interactivity, is the convergence of

three main advertising functions or activities: direct marketing, sales

promotion and conventional above the line advertising. The developments

allowed by interactive marketing throug h the Internet focus mainly on how

profitable market segments were identified and how these segments were

reached. Interactivity allows the opportunity to track individual

customers one at a time and to build individual relationships with each.

This indic ates the vast benefits that Internet interactivity supply in

terms of database formulation, management and utilisation. However, the

main challenge that does and will continue to plague advertisers in the

future will be persuading the viewer to try the se rvice. Interactivity

has three core characteristics: * Offer much more information than a

television advertisement. * Requires the conventional copywriting skills

combined with those of the direct marketer to turn the browsing viewers

into sales prospects. * The emphasis, simply due the nature of the medium,

is more likely to be on sales promotion type tools to entice the viewers

to visit an ad and then on constantly refreshing the content and creative

treatment, to ensure that they revisit it (Steyn, 1996) . The issues of

the nature of the Internet as an advertising medium and the creation and

maintenance of an Internet web site are addressed fully in sections 7) and

6.3) respectively. CD-ROM technology is unique in its ability to combine

vital parts of promotion, that is: print, audio and visual messages in a

package that can be distributed according to a random access database.

(Steyn, 1996).

Clever marketers are using the medium to draw buyers closer to their

companies as a whole and not just closer to the products or services they

provide. This emphasises the advantages interactive marketing provides in

terms of creating stronger, more unde rstanding relationships with

consumers.

The introduction of interactive marketing and specifically interactive

advertising heralds the beginning of an era where customers will choose

the advertising they wish to see, when they want to see it. This proves to

be a hallmark of the contemporary con sumer who is far more informed than

his blindly accepting predecessors have been. Consumers of today are

evermore demanding personalised attention from businesses that wish to

serve them. Furthermore, the very fact that the modern consumer is better

infor med fuels his need for informed transactions with businesses. The

modern consumer wants to know what product he is buying, what its detailed

characteristics are, how he can expect it to perform, what alternatives he

is faced with and why he should pay the

offered price for it. The nature of interactive marketing on the Internet

provides an ideal medium for the satisfaction of the demanding modern day

consumer. It is obviously of critical importance that a marketer

recognises these needs and develops syste ms for satisfying them, hence,

interactive marketing on the Internet.

Steyn (1996, p.13) boldly concludes that ‘There is therefore no doubt

that interactive marketing is helping to overcome practical database and

direct marketing problems while building more rewarding customer

relationships.’

Online shopping Online shopping is an element of interactive marketing

that has found itself under the spotlight since its recent inception.

Virtual retail sites on the Web continue to grow. Some sites are purely

promotional while on the other extreme consumers are promised the lowest

prices as the product is drop-shipped directly from the manufacturer

(Swart, 1996). Anyhow, the Internet as a shopping mall has not enjoyed a

favourable reputation as it is seen as a golden opportunity for

sophisticated thieves to obtain credit card numbers from the cable. As a

result businesses have shied from any Net-based commerce. As

a result the Web has been trapped in a form of time warp, usable only as

an information medium and not as a transaction medium. Of the thousands of

South African companies on the Web, few offer anything more than highly

informative web sites which still leave the consumer wondering: ‘I wish

the Internet could take me that one step further, SAFELY’. However, the

tide is swiftly changing due to bold technology and business moves. The

improved security and growth if the electronic-commerce infrastructure ha

s prompted optimistic projections for the future of interactive online

sales. Furthermore, South Africa suffers from an intolerable postal

problem and an effective home delivery system would have to be developed

for home shopping to be viable (Rath, 1997). However, thoughts of an

unrivalled ability to compare products, to be provid ed with product

information and to be shown product demonstrations and alternative views

will spur the quest for a workable online shopping system with great

urgency. Recently a groundbreaking development in online shopping was made

by M-Web in collaboration with over a thousand tenants ranging from large

corporations such as ABSA to small retailers and service providers. Bruce

Cohen, general manager of M-Web interact ive, claims that ‘The M-Web mall

is designed to accelerate interest in online shopping by providing a

one-stop shopping environment under on virtual roof.’

4) WEB ADVERTISING

4.1) The Nature of Web advertising

It is estimated that there is more than five million commercial pages on

the Web, more than 100 companies are going online daily and that

‘net-watching’ has become a dedicated function within more progressive

firms. Furthermore, companies that are online are more inclined to use

this facility as a means for communicating new product developments (Rath,

1997). In practice, great achievements are being made in the sphere of

Web advertising as the initial novelty of the concept wears off and

experts in the field become more accustomed to the characteristics and

dynamics of the Internet as an advertising tool (J. Matthee, personal

communication, 20 April 1998). Nevertheless, the Internet is not yet a

proven advertising medium and as such is untested, unregulated and

unrefined (Swart.1996). This very situation often results in wise

businesses approaching Internet advertising companies that possess the

necessary expertise to advertise effectively on the Internet. The

Internet’s lack of intrusiveness as a medium (see Section 7) implies that

direct marketing requires action by the consumer. In order to induce this

required action, an advertiser needs to know his audience intensely in

order to be able to entice brows ers to enter the site. Therefore, it is

the responsibility of the advertising agency not only to incorporate

above-the-line strategies but also to include the below-the-line

strategies in all their Internet clients’ campaigns

4.2) Web advertising Channels

The origins of Web advertising are ironically rooted in what many consider

as a frustrating method called ’spamming’ whereby messages concerning

products or business information were sent at random to Internet users

e-mail addresses. This crude form of ad vertising can be likened to common

junkmail found in a postbox among things of relevance such as personal

mail and bills. Things have progresses somewhat and a number of channels

have become available to the business interested in Web advertising and

rega rdless of which channel is decided upon it is common practice to

approach an online agency for aide (J. Matthee, pesonal communication, 20

April 1998).

Creating an Electrical Storefront Thousands of businesses have established

a home page on the Internet which offer a wide variety of information such

as: descriptions of the company and its products; a company catalogue

describing product’s features, availability and prices, company news,

opportunities to speak with staff members and the ability to place an

order before leaving the site. The main objective of these sites is brand

building. Another aim may be to support an event and in this case the page

may be temporary. When a company decides to open an electronic storefront

it has two choices: 1) The company can open its own store on the Internet

through a Web server or; 2) The company can buy a location on commercial

online service. The online service will typically design the electronic

storefront for the company and advertise its addition to the shopping mall

for a limited period of time (Kotler, 1997).

Participating in Forums, Newsgroups and Bulletin Boards These groups are

not designed for commercial purposes especially but participation may

improve a company’s visibility and credibility. Bulletin boards are

specialised online services that centre on a specific topic or group.

Forums are discussion groups l ocated on commercial online services and

may operate a library, a conference room for real time chatting, and even

a classified advertisement directory. Finally, newsgroups are the

Internets version of forums, but are limited to people posting and message

s on a particular topic, rather than managing libraries or conferencing

(Kotler, 1997).

Placing Advertisements Online A number of ways exist for companies or

individuals or companies who wish to place advertisements on commercial

online services. Firstly, major commercial online services offer an

advertisement section for listing classified advertisements whereby the

ads

are listed according to when they arrived with the most recent arrivals

topping the list. Secondly, ads can be placed in certain newsgroups that

are set up for commercial purposes. Thirdly, ads can be placed on online

billboards. This method can be irrit ating to the browser because the

advertisements appear while subscribers are using the service even though

they did not request an ad (Kotler, 1997).

A fourth option is to hire an advertising agency to create and place an

advertisement at a popular site on the Web, similar to buying timeslots on

a television channel. Advertising on search engines such as Lycos and

Yahoo also proves to be effective although very expensive (J. Matthee,

personal communication, 20 April 1998).

Using E-mail A company can encourage prospects and customers to send

questions, suggestions, and even complaints to the company, using the

company using the companies E-mail address. Customer service

representatives can respond to the customers in a short time via E-m ail

(Kotler, 1997).

5) WEB ADVERTISING DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA

In South Africa, the Internet is still restricted to very niched market

providing companies with the chance to exploit this opportunity and build

a database of visitors to their site. This situation is quite obviously

attributable to the economics of Sout h Africa’s social class structure.

This is an advantage because marketers can use this information to create

accurate profiles of the visitors to their site and develop personalised

advertising efforts, which are especially crucial in the sphere of Web ad

vertising. Currently, in South Africa, Computicket

(http://www.computicket.com) has taken the lead in online bookings

although services that are provided by Computicket naturally lean towards

the use of the Internet as a medium (Douvos, 1996). David Frankel of

Internet Solutions summed up the South African situation neatly by saying

that ‘…. People are still getting their hands around it [the Internet]

and working out how to make money out of it. I don’t think that anyone is

doing so at prese nt in South Africa, although a lot of people are

trying.’ IS-Commercial a division Internet Solutions scored a South

African first in 1996 in the development of a software engine that

searched only South African Web resources. This introduced a new aspect to

Web advertising in South Africa as it means that local

Web users no longer have to sift through a colossal amount of topical

hypertext links from around the globe. Advertising on the South African

Web has surely benefited from this development which makes South African

relevant material far more accessible a nd therefore implies increases Web

site hit rates. The search engine that was developed is called Ananzi and

is currently the second most hit Web site in the country. Advertisers now

have the opportunity of placing an icon on this page which immediately g

ives them a formidable brand prescience (Williams, 1997). A host of Web

page advertising companies have sprung up in South Africa, including an

upstart from Port Elizabeth, called Web Advertising, which have succeeded

in forming a technology and capability sharing association with the United

States advertising a gency Web advertising (Perlman, 1996). After

unprecedented growth in the Internet in 1996, The Loerie awards included a

new category in 1997 dedicated to Web creativity and corporate use of the

Internet.

6) WEB ADVERTISING AND THE BUSINESS

6.1) Introduction

Companies are increasingly recognising the importance of applying a

full-systems perspective in using their communication tools. The aim is to

set the overall communication budget and the right allocation of funds to

each communication tool. Web advertis ing is becoming a more and more

vital component of a firm’s advertising budget and therefore demands

sensible and rational consideration and planning. The dynamics and

relative novelty of Web advertising makes it crucial that the progressive

business, which is proposing a Web advertising campaign, draw up a

comprehensive advertising program.

It is vital for organisations that are considering an Internet marketing

strategy to effectively coordinate each component. The bottomline is that

organisations are putting themselves into the global marketplace. It is

thus important for people to be crit ical of what works well and what

meets their need with an Internet marketing strategy (Perlman, 1996). By

using the standard advertising program process (Kotler, 1997) as a base,

it is simple to outline the characteristics of the Internet which a

business must take into consideration when planning a Web advertising

campaign. The various steps involved in t he process of planning an

advertising program are depicted in section 5.2.1 below and the specific

characteristics of the Internet are superimposed into this framework in

section 5.2.2 through section 5.2.7.

6.2) Developing and Managing an Advertising Program

6.2.1) Introduction to the Advertising Program Process In developing an

advertising program, marketing managers must always start by identifying

the target market and buyer motives. This applies, perhaps even more so,

to the new advertising alternative represented by the Internet. The next

step is to make fiv e major decisions in developing an advertising

campaign, known as the five Ms: * Mission: What are the advertising

objectives? * Money: How much can be spent? * Message: What message should

be sent? * Media: What media should be used? * Measurement: How should the

results be evaluated?

6.2.2) SWOT Analysis This step is a necessity when studying the

feasibility of any intended business proposition and when the planning of

that operation takes place. It involves a study of the firm’s internal

strengths and weaknesses as well as the external opportunities and threats

presented by circumstances in the environment. Web advertising provides a

special challenge to marketers and planners due to its relative infancy,

which brings previously un-encountered circumstances to the fore. In

terms of internal strengths and weaknesses, it is common practice at this

stage in Web advertising for businesses to approach Internet service

providers such as Adept Internet to manage the intricacies of advertising

on the Internet. Therefore, issues concerning ability to actually place an

effective advertisement on the Internet are shifted to specialised

companies. According to Trafex managing director David Pegg ‘ …few

organisations have the technical skills and financial resources to

establish a nd manage a sophisticated private trading network. It makes

sense for companies to focus on their core business and let experts look

after their trading partner connections.’ The study of external threats

and opportunities in Web advertising largely involves market analysis and

the attempt to identify the company’s typical customer, how they can be

enticed to visit the company’s web site and how they can convinced to keep

on v isiting the web site. Web site design companies and dedicated tracing

companies who try to check the demographics of a visitor to site are

coming to the fore, creating an entirely new industries in the process

(Perlman, 1996). Research in South Africa cla ssifies the Web user base as

a niche, particularly from the point of view that the users tend to share

characteristics that make them a targetable segment. Profile of the model

Web user: Internet surfers would certainly be considered technologically

progr essive, innovators and early-adopters. In terms of demographic

profiles, the mean age of users worldwide is around 35 years, with

approximately 50% having tertiary education and mostly earning A incomes.

Male users have outnumbered female users in the pas t but gender parity

has recently been reached (Rath, 1997).

6.2.3) Advertising objectives It is not uncommon with the advent of the

Internet and the advertising possibilities that it provides that many

companies become rash in their plans for Web advertising. This can be

disastrous without first analysing the objectives of a promotion via the

web. The essence of the medium is still to be assessed in relation to the

way business can be conducted.

6.2.4) How much can be spent? The direct set up costs to the marketer are

likely to be in excess of R100 000 for an above-average site but, further

to this cost, are costs if site maintenance, enhancements and server

storage. The direct and indirect costs of Web site development are t

herefore not insignificant, requiring considerable capital, time and

energy to establish and to keep it alive (Rath, 1997). Smaller scale

businesses, for example a coffee shop such as Fandango in Stellenbosch,

which wishes to utilise Web advertising, can expect to pay from R1000 for

web site design. A site such as this could be linked to four other sites

and also requires cons tant maintenance which often entails higher costs

than the development of the Web site (J. Matthee, personal communication,

20 April 1998).

6.2.5) Message It should be stressed that Internet site development is

part of the marketing function and does not fall within the realm of the

Information Technology Department. Management is often tempted to allow

the IT department to create a Web site because it woul d seem to offer the

most cost-effective solution. However, the sites that have been designed

by programmers are notable for their lack of creativity and generally do

not entice the viewer. This, in essence, revolves around the question of

the Web sites me ssage (Rath, 1997). The principles that apply to media

such as television and radio are generally applicable to message

formulation on a Web site although valuable information that is dynamic

seems to be the key (J. Matthee, personal communication, 20 April 1998).

6.2.6) Medium The Internet as an advertising medium has a number of

inherent advantages and disadvantages which are discussed in section 7.

6.2.7) Measure and Evaluate Performance To quantify a Web sites

contribution to revenue is often quite difficult. Where sales are

generated more-or-less directly off the Net, the company’s return on

investment is a matter of simple arithmetic. However, where the company

provides an added value service via the Net, the site’s contribution to

the bottom line is far less easy to quantify (Rath, 1997). In terms of

actual Web site design effectiveness, processes are still largely

undefined. Many online organisations do exist, however, that monitor and

provide Web site statistics, namely number of hits and how for how long

visitors stayed at the site, for

a fee (J. Matthee, personal communication, 20 April 1998). Furthermore,

information can be obtained detailing the demographics of visitors to a

Web sit although this is more difficult. This can enable a company to

measure the Web site’s effectiveness in terms of reaching the company’s

target market. It is quite c ommon now for the Web itself to be used for

research purposes with companies asking Web users for personal responses

to products, sites and messages. This also provides feedback on the sites

effectiveness and facilitates corrective action.

6.3) The Web site Itself

6.3.1) Web site Design Web site design is very much a grey area in terms

of the fact that Web advertising is a relatively new addition to a

business choice of promotional alternatives. However, guidelines do exist

which can increase the chance of web site effectiveness. These i nclude

questions such as: Who would use our service or product; how likely is our

target market to be on the Net and who understands the culture of this new

medium to create a site that encapsulates the brand, the culture and the

practicality of web adver tising. Other aspects are the understanding of

the need to employ the expertise of a company that specializes in design

for an interactive medium. Incorporating a wealth of useful information,

interactive games and an ease of navigation through the site have also

proved to increase Web site effectiveness (Joseph, 1997).

Experience and creativity are most definitely necessary characteristics

of a Web site designer who is usually employed by an Internet service

provider such as Adept Internet. Feedback via methods that are mentioned

in section 5.2.7 above could provide in dications of responses to Web site

design. Once again, the principles applied in the television, radio and

print media all apply to the design of a Web site. Fundamentals of

consumer behaviour and psychology should be understood by anybody

attempting to u ndertake commercial Web site design (J. Matthee, personal

communication, 20 April 1998).

6.3.2) Web Site Maintenance As with any medium of advertising, an inferior

display can be detrimental to a firm’s image. However, Web site

maintenance due to its reliance on a newly developed technology must

receive special attention. This explains why a company may induce greater

expenditure in the maintenance of a Web site than in the actual design and

creation of the sit e. Maintenance of a Web site has two implications:

Firstly, information supplied by the site must be dynamic, that is, it

must be updated regularly in order to draw browsers on the Net to revisit

the site; secondly, the site must be checked regularly to e nsure that no

errors have occurred in the content as a result of any damage to data for

instance (J. Matthee, personal communication, 20 April 1998). An example

of the second problem is clearly demonstrated by the printout of the

coffee shop Fandango’s We b site in which the main picture failed to load.

See figure 1 in section 5.4 below.

(Take note: John Matthee, who originally designed the site and who, as an employee of Adept Internet, is hired to handle the maintenance of the site, has since rectified the problem.)

6.4) Profiles of Examples

Example1: Fandango The Fandango Web site provides an example of the

importance of site maintenance. See figure 1.

Example2: SAA This provides a successful example of advertising by means

of putting up an entire site which serves a brand building exercise. The

airline’s site took all-important factors outlined above in section 5.3.1

into consideration and the result is self-evident. The site won the

prestigious Magellan award which is contested for by two million sites.

7.) THE INTERNET AS AN ADVERTISING MEDIUM

7.1) Advantages . The demographics of the average Internet surfer are

attractive enough to warrant their inclusion as an important niche market

(Rath, 1997). The Web can be transformed into a research tool, a brand

builder and an advertising medium in one swoop, something not offered by

other media (Joseph, 1996). Furthermore, unlike other media where the

advertising agency is the only link between the client and the media

owner, the Web allows the client to become the media owner. From the

company’s point of view, by buying into the technology itself, a company

ha s the ability to enter the world of cyber marketing without the

intervention of any intermediaries. Yet another competitive advantage of

this medium is that it provides advertisers with reassuringly detailed

demographics about who actually saw their advertisement, turning it into a

marketing research as well as an advertising medium (Williams, 1996).

Interactive media can operate in territories not covered by a vendor’s

sales force. It can bring the showroom and the sales pitch to the buyers

remote locations simply by dropping it in the post.

7.2) Disadvantages

Lack of Intrusiveness The persuasive elements of the Internet

advertisement usually lie at least one click away from the user’s current

location and this requires the user to be sufficiently interested in the

product or intrigued by the advertisement banner to click the to the

advert.

Limitations of Banners The Web has primarily been used for the

presentation of text and graphics onto fairly small computer screens. This

size limitation restricts the conventional Web ad to a banner asking the

user to click ‘here’ for more information. This in turn provides en dless

creative restrictions (McDonald, 1997).

Radical Fragmentation It is very difficult for any given site to draw

enough attention to itself to attract an audience large enough to matter

to an advertiser.

8) WEB ADVERTISING SCENARIOS FOR THE NEAR – TERM FUTURE

Scenario #1: Web site Shakeout There are good reasons to question whether

the Web advertising pie will prove large enough to support the numerous

commercial Web sites that are counting on it for sustenance. Recent

reports that some publishers are scaling back their web publishing ambit

ions, or shutting down sites altogether lend credence to the notion that

there will be significant ’shakeout’ as commercial Web sites fail for lack

of a viable business model (McDonald, 1997). Scenario

#2:Advertising-content hybrids Advertisers who do not sell their products

directly to consumers but still want to find a way to participate in

interactive media will revert to a model that prevailed in the early days

of television sponsorship. By sponsoring a site that consumers value,

the advertiser will hope to build positive associations for the brand.

The communication limitations of banners will be overcome by surrounding

content with imagery related to the sponsoring brand. Where practical

sponsor-friendly content will be interle aved will brand-neutral content.

Though there will be some reaction against this hybridisation on the part

of media critics and consumers alike, the form will probably still

flourish as the digital equivalent of the infomercial (McDonald, 1997).

Scenario#3: Internet service provider’s provoke privacy whiplash New

generations of Internet service provider will emerge that will provide an

extraordinarily sophisticated database that captures information on how

individual subscribers use the Internet. This will enable the marketer to

customise communications back into the box in the subscriber’s home and

hereby the Web will be able to live up to its promises of one-to-one

marketing (McDonald, 1997). Scenario#4: Advertisements get detached from

the media Marketers will be able to sent targeted information to

subscribers on their past Web usage patterns regardless of what current

Web sites they are visiting. In effect, they will be able to sell the

audience to advertising directly without the intermediary of the media

(McDonald, 1997).

9) CONCLUSION

The Internets Multimedia arm, the World Wide Web, can support both

consumer marketing and trade marketing objectives. The Web is where all

the commercial activity and its importance as a new medium has been

recognised to the extent that it will be measure d in all US media

research from this year. The Web provides a company with access to a

global audience of consumers in their millions, and also to a very wide

range of companies (Rath, 1997) The Internet has provided marketers with

exciting and challenging advertising prospects. There will undoubtedly be

many lessons to be learned in the near-future concerning the intracacies

and quirks of the medium. South Africa is technologically equipped to

make full use of the Internet’s capabilities and South African marketer’s

are provided with an opportunity to prove themselves to a very viable

Internet market. In conclusion , the future of the Internet and Web

advertising can be encapsulated through the words of John Matthee -

‘bigger and better, bigger and better…’.

10)References

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