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Реферат The Job Interview

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1. Прочитайте и переведите текст устно. Выпишите предложения, относящиеся к правилу согласования времен, и переведите их письменно на русский язык.

The Job Interview

Jack Smith had a job interview a few days ago at the Insurance Company. The interview lasted almost an hour and Jack had to answer a lot of questions.

First the interviewer asked Jack where he had gone to school and if he had had any special training. She also asked him where he had worked. Jack answered that he had graduated from a specialized mathematical school and a financial college and had worked for some bank. Jack also mentioned that his German was good. He answered all the questions well and he hoped he would get the job at the company.
First the interviewer asked Jack where he had gone to school and if he had had any special training. She also asked him where he had worked. Jack answered that he had graduated from a specialized mathematical school and a financial college and had worked for some bank. Jack also mentioned that his German was good. He answered all the questions well and he hoped he would get the job at the company.

Сначала интервьюер спросил Джека, где он пошел в школу, и была ли у него какая-либо специальная подготовка. Она также спросила его, где он работал. Джек ответил, что закончил специализированную математическую школу и финансовый колледж и работал на некоторый банк. Джек также упоминал, что его немецкий язык был хорош. Он отвечал на все вопросы хорошо, и он надеялся, что получит работу в компании.

2. Выберите правильную форму глагола. Переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.

1. If I have / will have enough time, I finish / will finish the report tonight. 2. If the machine will break down / breaks down, we contact / will contact your service engineer at once. 3. If your guarantee is / will be still valid, any repairs are carried out / will be carried out free of charge. 4. If they had made a lower bid last month, we would accept / would have accepted it immediately. 5. What would you do if you see / saw a colleague stealing substantial quantities of stationary from your office? 6. If you knew / had known how angry my boss gets, you would realize how I feel. 7. If they refuse / will refuse to pay up, we would send / will send them a threatening letter. 8. If I foresaw / had foreseen the extent of the damage, I would have checked all our insurance policies.
1. If I  will have enough time, I  will finish the report tonight. 2. If the machine will break down , we will contact your service engineer at once. 3. If your guarantee is  still valid, any repairs will be carried out free of charge. 4. If they had made a lower bid last month, we would have accepted it immediately. 5. What would you do if you saw a colleague stealing substantial quantities of stationary from your office? 6. If you knew  how angry my boss gets, you would realize how I feel. 7. If they will refuse to pay up, we will send them a threatening letter. 8. If I foresaw  the extent of the damage, I would have checked all our insurance policies.

1. Если у меня будет достаточно времени, я закончу отчет сегодня вечером. 2. Если машина сломается, мы свяжемся с Вашим инженером-эксплуатационником сразу. 3. Если Ваша гарантия будет все еще действительна, то любой ремонт будет выполнен бесплатно. 4. Если бы они сделали более низкое предложение в прошлом месяце, то мы немедленно приняли бы это. 5. Что бы Вы сделали, если бы Вы видели, что коллега крал постоянно существенные количества из Вашего офиса? 6. Если бы Вы знали, как мой сердитый босс достает, то Вы бы поняли, что я чувствую. 7. Если они откажутся заплатить, мы пошлем им письмо с угрозами. 8. Если бы я предвидел масштабы ущерба, я бы проверил все наши страховые полисы.


3. Выберите правильный вариант продолжения предложенных предложений. Переведите получившиеся ситуации на русский язык письменно.

1. I don't have anything to smoke. 2. I don't have much time.      3. My computer is old and slow. 4. I'm lonely. 5. My job is really boring. 6. I don't understand English as well as I want. 7. My job pays really badly. 8. I don't like working late at night.

А. I wish I earned more money. B. I wish I finished earlier. С. I wish I had a cigarette. D. I wish I had a more powerful one.  E. I wish I had an interesting one. F. I wish I had more friends.

G. I wish I had more time. H. I wish I knew more people. I. I wish I knew something about cars. J. I wish I lived in a hotter country. K. I wish I lived in Paris. L. I wish I saved more money. M. I wish I understood it better. N. I wish I wasn't working. O. I wish I were a better cook. P. I wish it were possible as it is a country I love.
1. I don't have anything to smoke I wish I had a cigarette. 2. I don't have much time I wish I had more time. 3. My computer is old and slow I wish I had a more powerful one. 4. I'm lonely I wish I knew more people. 5. My job is really boring I wish I had an interesting one. 6. I don't understand English as well as I want I wish I understood it better. 7. My job pays really badly I wish I earned more money. 8. I don't like working late at night I wish I finished earlier.

1. У меня нет ничего, чтобы курить, мне жаль, что у меня не было сигареты. 2. У меня нет много времени, мне жаль, что у меня нет большего количества времени. 3. Мой компьютер является старым и медленным, мне жаль, что у меня нет более сильного. 4. Я одинок, мне жаль, что я не знал больше людей. 5. Моя работа является действительно скучной, мне жаль, что у меня не было интересной. 6. Я не понимаю, так английский язык так же как хочу, мне жаль, что я не понимаю его лучше. 7. Моя работа оплачивается действительно ужасно, мне жаль, что я не зарабатываю больше денег. 8. Мне не нравится работать поздно вечером, мне жаль, что я не закончу раньше.

4. Найдите вторую часть каждого предложения. Запишите получившиеся предложения и переведите их письменно на русский язык.

1. If they hadn’t expanded so quickly, … 2. If they don’t install a new computer, … 3. If the software had been tested, … 4. If orders were not constantly delayed, … 5. If the phone lines were not overloaded, … 6. If there were not so many problems, … 7. If their products had been excellent, … 8. We are unable to supply the goods … 9. The machine should not be modified … 10. I’d feel very upset … 11. The fax machine wouldn’t have broken down …

a) customers would be able to get through. b) customers wouldn’t complain. c) customers wouldn’t look for a more reliable supplier. d) if I lost my job. e) if it had been cooled down in time. f) many customers would have remained loyal. g) the system wouldn’t have broken down. h) they would have been able to cope with the volume of orders. i) things will get worse. j) unless a service engineer is present. k) until we receive payment in advance.
1. If they hadn’t expanded so quickly, they would have been able to cope with the volume of orders. 2. If they don’t install a new computer, things will get worse. 3. If the software had been tested, the system wouldn’t have broken down. 4. If orders were not constantly delayed, customers wouldn’t look for a more reliable supplier. 5. If the phone lines were not overloaded, customers would be able to get through. 6. If there were not so many problems, many customers would have remained loyal. 7. If their products had been excellent, customers wouldn’t complain. 8. We are unable to supply the goods until we receive payment in advance. 9. The machine should not be modified unless a service engineer is present. 10. I’d feel very upset if I lost my job. 11. The fax machine wouldn’t have broken down if it had been cooled down in time.

1. Если бы они не расширились так быстро, то они были бы в состоянии справиться с объемом заказов. 2. Если они не установят новый компьютер, то положение ухудшится. 3. Если бы программное обеспечение было проверено, то система не сломалась бы. 4. Если бы заказы постоянно не отсрочивались, то клиенты не искали бы более надежного поставщика. 5. Если бы телефонные линии не были перегружены, то клиенты были бы в состоянии пройти. 6. Если бы не было очень многих проблем, много клиентов остались бы лояльными. 7. Если бы их продукты были превосходны, клиенты не жаловались бы. 8. Мы неспособны поставлять товары, пока мы не получаем оплату заранее. 9. Машина не должна быть изменена, если инженер-эксплуатационник не присутствует. 10. Я бы очень расстроился, если бы я потерял свою работу. 11. Факс не сломался бы, если бы он был охлажден вовремя.

5. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в нужную форму. Переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.

1. If we changed the packaging, people (not/recognize) the product. 2. If we give the product a new name, it (sound) more interesting. 3. If we (lower) the price, it would reduce our profits too much. 4. If we (print) a better brochure, we will attract more interest. 5. If we (offer) free gifts, we will get more customers.  6. If we recruited more staff, we (be able) to sell to more outlets. 7. If we (advertise) more, it would increase our costs too much. 8. If we cut their commission, our sales people (not work) so hard.
1. If we changed the packaging, people would not recognize the product. 2. If we give the product a new name, it will sound more interesting. 3. If we lowered the price, it would reduce our profits too much. 4. If we print a better brochure, we will attract more interest. 5. If we offer free gifts, we will get more customers. 6. If we recruited more staff, we will be able to sell to more outlets. 7. If we advertised more, it would increase our costs too much. 8. If we cut their commission, our sales people would not work so hard.

1. Если бы мы изменили упаковку, то люди не узнали бы продукт. 2. Если мы дадим продукту новое имя, то это будет более интересным. 3. Если бы мы понизили цену, то она уменьшила бы нашу прибыль слишком много. 4. Если мы напечатаем брошюру лучше, то мы вызовем больше интереса. 5. Если мы предложим бесплатные подарки, то мы получим больше клиентов. 6. Если мы примем на работу больше штата, мы будем в состоянии продавать на больших количествах торговых точек. 7. Если бы мы давали объявлений больше, то это увеличило бы наши затраты слишком много. 8. Если бы мы сокращаем их комиссию, наши менеджеры по продажам не работали бы так усиленно.

6. Выберите причастие, которое необходимо вставить в предложения. Переведите

текст

устно
.


Proposition 215

Proposition 215 is a two-year-old law (1) ________ (intending/intended) to allow seriously ill people in California to use marijuana as medicine. Such ill people carry a doctor's note (2) ________ (verifying/verified) that they suffer from chronic pain or serious disease.

Steve McWilliams is a person who uses marijuana daily to deal with constant pain (3) ________ (resulting/resulted) from several car accidents.

Another person who was (4) ________ (delighting/delighted) when proposition 215 passed was Evan Keliher of San Diego. Keliher said it was (5) ________ (relieving/relieved) to use marijuana legally after thirty years of being a “closet marijuana smoker”. Keliher, who is a former Marine and (6) ________ (retiring/retired) school teacher, was diagnosed with glaucoma in the 1960s. He began to smoke pot in 1967 after hearing that it helped relieve intra-ocular pressure (7) ________ (causing/caused) by glaucoma. He had been using eye drops, but his eye sight was steadily (8) ________ (weakening/weakened). Doctors (9) ________ (treating/treated) him at that time predicted that he would be blind by now. Though he can no longer see in his left eye, his eyesight in his right eye is (9) ________ (amazing/amazed). He is so (10) ________ (satisfying/satisfied) with the results from marijuana that he wrote a book called, “Grandpa’s Marijuana Handbook”. Keliher wants to teach older people who are sick and (11) ________ (suffering/suffered) how to use marijuana.

Still, there are many problems (12) ________ (facing/faced) law enforcement officers in California. Marijuana (13) ________ (growing/grown) for medicinal purposes is legal, but how much is necessary? Law enforcement officers feel it will take time for the medical marijuana law to be (14) ________ (enforcing/enforced) fairly.
Proposition 215 is a two-year-old law intended to allow seriously ill people in California to use marijuana as medicine. Such ill people carry a doctor's note verifying that they suffer from chronic pain or serious disease.

Steve McWilliams is a person who uses marijuana daily to deal with constant pain resulting from several car accidents.

Another person who was delighted when proposition 215 passed was Evan Keliher of San Diego. Keliher said it was relieving to use marijuana legally after thirty years of being a “closet marijuana smoker”. Keliher, who is a former Marine and retired school teacher, was diagnosed with glaucoma in the 1960s. He began to smoke pot in 1967 after hearing that it helped relieve intra-ocular pressure caused by glaucoma. He had been using eye drops, but his eye sight was steadily weakening. Doctors treating him at that time predicted that he would be blind by now. Though he can no longer see in his left eye, his eyesight in his right eye is amazing. He is so satisfied with the results from marijuana that he wrote a book called, “Grandpa’s Marijuana Handbook”. Keliher wants to teach older people who are sick and suffering how to use marijuana.

Still, there are many problems facing law enforcement officers in California. Marijuana grown for medicinal purposes is legal, but how much is necessary? Law enforcement officers feel it will take time for the medical marijuana law to be enforced fairly.
7. Перепишите предложения и подчеркните в них все неличные формы глагола (причастия, инфинитив, герундий). Переведите

предложения

письменно

на

русский

язык
.


1. We would like to contact someone in your company interested in our programme and sharing our ideas. 2. While introducing the guests to each other, the manager said a few kind words to each of them.          3. When planning your daily routine, don’t forget to leave time for rest. 4. Not knowing our partners’ point of view, we decided not to give a definite answer. 5. The plant equipped with modern machinery overfulfilled its plan every month. 6. Having looked through all the documents and letters received that day he called his secretary. 7. The talks between the two countries were conducted behind the closed doors, measures having been taken that no correspondent should receive any information. 8. The figures mentioned in his report were published in the latest scientific journal. 9. The goods having been loaded, the workers left the port. 10. One of the most noticeable features of air transport development is the big increase in the quantities of goods carried.         11. To learn two foreign languages at one and the same time isn’t easy. 12. To calculate the age of our planet is very difficult. 13. To calculate the age of our planet you must have knowledge in different branches of science. 14. Inkombank was the first in Russia to introduce new types of services. 15. A delegation is expected to arrive in the capital of the country to discuss the creation of a shipping line between the two countries. 16. The computer is known to be able to do computations in milliseconds. 17. Carrying out experiments requires patience. 18. They objected to being asked to wait. 19. Your having written the letter is really no excuse for your not having come on the fixed day.
1. We would like to contact someone in your company interested in our programme and sharing our ideas. 2. While introducing the guests to each other, the manager said a few kind words to each of them.          3. When planning your daily routine, don’t forget to leave time for rest. 4. Not knowing our partners’ point of view, we decided not to give a definite answer. 5. The plant equipped with modern machinery overfulfilled its plan every month. 6. Having looked through all the documents and letters received that day he called his secretary. 7. The talks between the two countries were conducted behind the closed doors, measures having been taken that no correspondent should receive any information. 8. The figures mentioned in his report were published in the latest scientific journal. 9. The goods having been loaded, the workers left the port. 10. One of the most noticeable features of air transport development is the big increase in the quantities of goods carried. 11. To learn two foreign languages at one and the same time isn’t easy. 12. To calculate the age of our planet is very difficult. 13. To calculate the age of our planet you must have knowledge in different branches of science. 14. Inkombank was the first in Russia to introduce new types of services. 15. A delegation is expected to arrive in the capital of the country to discuss the creation of a shipping line between the two countries. 16. The computer is known to be able to do computations in milliseconds. 17. Carrying out experiments requires patience. 18. They objected to being asked to wait. 19. Your having written the letter is really no excuse for your not having come on the fixed day.

1. Мы хотели бы связаться с кем-либо в Вашей компании, заинтересованным нашей программой и разделением наших идей. 2. Представляя гостей друг другу, менеджер сказал несколько добрых слов каждому из них. 3. Планируя Ваш распорядок дня, не забывайте оставлять время для отдыха. 4. Не зная точку зрения наших партнеров, мы решили не давать определенный ответ. 5. Каждый месяц завод, оборудованный современной техникой, перевыполнял свой план. 6. Просмотрев все документы и письма, полученные в тот день, он вызвал своего секретаря. 7. Переговоры между этими двумя странами проводились за закрытыми дверьми, меры, приняты, чтоб никакой корреспондент не смог получить информацию. 8. Цифры, упомянутые в его отчете, были изданы в последнем научном журнале. 9. Загрузив товары, рабочие покинули порт. 10. Одна из самых значимых особенностей развития воздушного транспорта - большое увеличение грузов количества, которые они несут. 11. Выучить два иностранных языка в одно и то же время не легко. 12. Вычислить возраст нашей планеты является очень трудным. 13. Чтобы вычислить возраст нашей планеты, у Вас должно быть познания в различных разделах науки. 14. Инкомбанк был первым в России, который ввел новые типы услуг. 15. Делегация, как ожидают, прибудет в столицу страны, чтобы обсудить создание судоходной линии между этими двумя странами. 16. Компьютер, как известно, в состоянии произвести вычисления в миллисекундах. 17. Выполнение экспериментов требует терпения. 18. Они возразили против того, чтобы ждать. 19. То, что вы написали письмо не является никаким оправданием за Ваше отсутствие в определенный день.

8. Переведите текст устно. Выпишите предложения с пропусками и заполните пропуски infinitive или ing
-
form
глаголов, данных в скобках. Переведите

выписанные

предложения

письменно

на

русский

язык
.


It was unanimously agreed that we couldn’t afford (1) _______ (allow) our image to remain as bad as it is following the bad publicity we have had recently. Although we have repeatedly denied (2) _______ (lower) the quality of our main products, we have clearly failed            (3) _______ (convince) the general public of that. As a result, our competitors have managed (4) _______ (steal) several major customers.

         The Head of Marketing suggested (5) _______ (change) our advertising strategy completely. She said that, instead of (6) _______ (emphasize) how useful our products are, we should present them as fun to use. She added that she had been thinking of (7) _______ (use) a different agency anyway. The Sales Director agreed that we couldn’t risk (8) _______ (lose) any more customers. The Finance Director agreed that this appeared (9) _______ (be) the most sensible thing we could do in the circumstances, but pointed out that we needed to avoid (10) _______ (spend) any more on advertising than we currently do. The Head of Marketing  offered (11) _______ (prepare) a report on the types of campaign that might be best for us and agreed               (12) _______ (do) this within two days. We therefore decided              (13) _______ (meet) again to discuss the matter further at the end of the week.
It was unanimously agreed that we couldn’t afford to allow our image to remain as bad as it is following the bad publicity we have had recently. Although we have repeatedly denied lowering the quality of our main products, we have clearly failed to convince the general public of that. As a result, our competitors have managed to steal several major customers.

         The Head of Marketing suggested changing our advertising strategy completely. She said that, instead of emphasizing how useful our products are, we should present them as fun to use. She added that she had been thinking of using a different agency anyway. The Sales Director agreed that we couldn’t risk losing any more customers. The Finance Director agreed that this appeared to be the most sensible thing we could do in the circumstances, but pointed out that we needed to avoid spending any more on advertising than we currently do. The Head of Marketing  offered to prepare a report on the types of campaign that might be best for us and agreed to do this within two days. We therefore decided to meet again to discuss the matter further at the end of the week.

Было единодушно решено, что мы не можем допустить, чтобы наш образ оставался таким плохим, как после огласки которая была в последнее время. Хотя мы неоднократно отрицали снижение качества наших основных продуктов, нам четко не удалось убедить широкую общественность об этом. В результате, наши конкуренты смогли украсть несколько крупных клиентов.

Начальник отдела маркетинга предложил изменить нашу рекламную стратегию полностью. Она сказала, что, вместо того, чтобы подчеркивать, насколько полезны наши продукты, мы должны представить их в качестве легкости для использования. Она добавила, что она думала об использовании различных агентств так или иначе. Коммерческий директор решил, что мы не можем терять больше клиентов. Финансовый директор решил, что это наиболее разумное, что мы можем сделать в сложившейся ситуации, но отметил, что нам нужно не тратить больше на рекламу, чем мы сейчас тратим. Начальник отдела маркетинга предложила подготовить доклад о видах кампании, которые могут быть для нас лучше и решила сделать это в течение 2 дней. Поэтому мы решили встретиться вновь для дальнейшего обсуждения этого вопроса в конце недели.

9. Переведите предложения письменно на русский язык, обращая внимание на пройденные грамматические конструкции и явления.

         1. Loan capital is more appropriate to firms operating in stable markets. 2. In advanced capitalist societies, advertising is a powerful instrument affecting demand in many markets. 3. Having examined the relationships between outputs and costs, we now show how the behaviour of cots may be reflected in the supply curve. 4. Having calculated the programme, we paid attention to possible changes. 5. Having been repaired, the device began working much better. 6. In order to simplify the analysis we can consider two firms, one being representative of high-cost producers and the other of low-cost producers. 7. Taxes placed on goods and services are known as indirect taxes as opposed to direct taxes which are placed on income and wealth. 8. Discounting is the process of buying a security for less than its face value. 9. We have succeeded in entering a new competitive market.      10. The purpose of each business process is to offer each customer the right product or service. 11. The employers agreed to accept the terms of the pay deal. 12. It is impossible for us to accept these terms. 13. We expect interest rates to rise next week. 14. If incomes are rising, the demand for most goods and services tend to increase. 15. If money incomes rise by 5 per cent, but over the same period prices rise by 10 per cent, real income will have fallen. 16. If the market for our products expands, we will have a 20 per cent increase in turnover next year.17. We would have to reduce our workforce if the bank refused to extend our credit. 18. If the government hadn’t introduced the tax incentive scheme, we would have faced serious financial difficulties. 19. If we installed new equipment, we would become more competitive. 20. He asked when the new programme would start.
1. Заемный капитал более присущ фирмам, действующим на стойких рынках. 2. В продвинутых капиталистических обществах реклама - мощный инструмент влияния на спрос многих рынков. 3. Исследовав отношения между продукцией и затратами, мы можем показать, как поведение раскладушек может быть отражено в кривой предложения. 4. После расчета программа, мы обратили внимание на возможные изменения. 5. Будучи отремонтированным, устройство начало работать намного лучше. 6. В целях упрощения анализа мы можем рассмотреть две фирмы, одна из которых представитель производителей с высокими издержками, а другой с низкими издержками производства. 7. Налоги, размещенные на товары и услуги, известны как косвенные налоги, в отличие от прямых налогов, которые размещаются на доходы и имущество. 8. Дисконтирование является процессом покупки безопасности по цене ниже номинальной стоимости. 9. Нам удалось выйти на новый конкурентный рынок. 10. Цель каждого бизнес-процесса состоит в том, чтобы предложить каждому клиенту правильный продукт или обслуживание. 11. Работодатели согласились принять условие соглашения об оплате. 12. Для нас невозможно принять эти условия. 13. Мы ожидаем, что процентные ставки повысятся на следующей неделе. 14. Если доходы повышаются, спрос на большинство товаров и услуг имеет тенденцию увеличиваться. 15. Если денежные доходы возрастут на 5 процентов, а за тот же период рост цен возрастет на 10 процентов, реальные доходы упадут. 16. Если рынок для наших продуктов расширится, то у нас будет 20-процентное увеличение товарооборота в следующем году. 17. Мы должны сократить нашу рабочую силу, если банк откажется продлить наш кредит. 18. Если бы правительство не ввело налоговую схему поощрений, то мы столкнулись бы с серьезными финансовыми затруднениями. 19. Если бы мы установили новое оборудование, то мы стали бы более конкурентоспособными. 20. Он спросил, когда начнется новая программа.

10. Внимательно прочитайте текст и изучите правила ведения деловой корреспонденции на английском языке.

Letter Writing




There are various types of letters. They are: letters of complaints, letters asking for/giving information, letters of request, letters asking for/giving advice, letters of invitation, letters accepting/refusing an invitation, letters expressing congratulations/ thanks/regret/sympathy, letters giving news (narrative/descriptive), letters of apology, letters of application for a job, ect.

A good letter should consist of:

1. the correct greeting (Dear John, Dear Mrs. Newton, Dear Sir/Madam);

2. an introduction in which we clearly state the reason we are writing;

3. the main body in which we develop our subject, introducing each main point in separate paragraphs;

4. a final paragraph in which we sum up what we talked about before or we express our wish for something to be done;

5. an appropriate ending (Yours/Best Wishes, + name, Yours sincerely/Yours faithfully, + full name).

Paragraph Plan for Letters

Greeting


Introduction: Paragraph 1 reason(s) for writing

Main body: Paragraphs 2, 3 development of the subject

Conclusion: Final paragraph closing remarks

(full) name

Note: Friendly letters have only one address (yours) whereas formal letters have two (yours and the recipient’s). Friendly letters begin with Dear + name and end with Love, Yours, Best Wishes + name. Formal letters begin with a) Dear Sir/Madam and end with Yours faithfully + full name or b) Dear Mr/Mrs/Ms + surname and end with Yours sincerely + full name.

         The characteristics of formal style in letters are:

         – the greetings (Dear Mr Rydd, Dear Sir);

         – frequent use of passive voice;

         – formal language (complex sentences, non-colloquial English);

         – no abbreviated forms;

         – the closing remark (Yours sincerely,/Yours faithfully,

Mary Hill).

         The characteristics of informal style in letters are:

         – the greeting (Dear John, Dear Mum);

         – informal language and style (idioms, colloquial English);

         – abbreviated forms, pronouns omitted;

– the closing remark (Yours, Love, Best Wishes, Regards,

                            Michael
).


11. Отметьте следующие предложения как верные (
True
) или неверные (
False
), основываясь на информации о переписке на английском языке, данной в тексте задания 9. Исправьте

неверные

предложения

и

запишите

их
.


1. Colloquial English can be used in formal letters. 2. You end a formal letter with “Yours, + first name”. 3. If you begin with “Dear Sir/Madam, you must end with “Yours faithfully”. 4. Abbreviated forms can be used in formal letters. 5. The introductory paragraph gives full details about the subject of the letter. 6. The Passive Voice is not appropriate in a formal style. 7. In the main body of the letter we state the reason we are writing. 8. You must write only your address in formal letters.

1. Colloquial English can be used in formal letters. (False). The use of idioms, colloquial language, abbreviations is met only in friendly letters. 2. You end a formal letter with “Yours, + first name”. (False) An ending- in case of formal/official letters you will use Yours faithfully/ Yours sincerely/ Sincerely yours + full name. 3. If you begin with “Dear Sir/Madam, you must end with “Yours faithfully”.(True). A greeting: You use Dear Sir/ Dear Madame-for formal letters when you do not know the name of the person you are writing to. An ending- in case of formal/official letters you will use Yours faithfully/ Yours sincerely/ Sincerely yours + full name. 4. Abbreviated forms can be used in formal letters. (False) In an official letter you will always use complex sentences, no abbreviations, non-colloquial language. 5. The introductory paragraph gives full details about the subject of the letter. (False) An introduction: in which you specify the reason/s for writing that letter.6. The Passive Voice is not appropriate in a formal style. (False) Passive voice is especially used in formal letters. 7. In the main body of the letter we state the reason we are writing. (False)The main body in which we develop our subject, introducing each main point in separate paragraphs 8. You must write only your address in formal letters. (False) Use proper business letter format, with your name and address, the date and your employer's name and address at the top.

12. В части В найдите предложения, заканчивающие письма, начало которых дано в части А. Запишите начало и окончание каждого письма. Переведите предложения письменно на русский язык. Укажите вид каждого письма, (например:
letter

of

complaint
), и стиль – деловое или неофициальное.


         A.
1. I am writing to complain about the items which I ordered from your catalogue last month. 2. I would be grateful if you could send me further information concerning your summer courses in computer programming. 3. I’m writing for your advice on a small problem I’ve got. 4. I am writing to apply for the post of junior manager. 5. I regret to inform you that you have not been accepted for the course. 6. I was pleased to get your letter, and I’ll tell you what I think you should do.

         B. A. I hope you will consider my application and I look forward to hearing from you. B. I hope that the matter will be resolved quickly and that my money will be promptly refunded. C. Hope my advice is useful, and let me know how everything turns out. D. I’m really anxious to hear your suggestion. Write soon. E. Thank you in advance for your help, and I look forward to hearing from you. F. Please do not hesitate to contact us again should you wish to reapply in the future.

        

1. I am writing to complain about the items which I ordered from your catalogue last month. I hope that the matter will be resolved quickly and that my money will be promptly refunded. (letters of complaints;formal style) 2. I would be grateful if you could send me further information concerning your summer courses in computer programming. I’m really anxious to hear your suggestion. Write soon. (letters of request; formal style) 3. I’m writing for your advice on a small problem I’ve got. Thank you in advance for your help, and I look forward to hearing from you. (letters asking for/giving information; informal style)  4. I am writing to apply for the post of junior manager. I hope you will consider my application and I look forward to hearing from you. (letters of application for a job; formal style)  5. I regret to inform you that you have not been accepted for the course.  Please do not hesitate to contact us again should you wish to reapply in the future.( letters of apology; formal style) 6. I was pleased to get your letter, and I’ll tell you what I think you should do. Hope my advice is useful, and let me know how everything turns out. (letters giving news (narrative/descriptive); informal style).

1. Я пишу, чтобы жаловаться на изделия, которые я заказал в вашем каталогов прошлом месяце. Я надеюсь, что дело будет решено быстро и мои деньги будут немедленно возмещены. 2. Я был бы признателен, если бы Вы прислали мне более подробную информацию о Ваших летних курсах по компьютерному программированию. Я очень хотел услышать ваши предложения. Напишите скорее. 3. Я пишу для Вашего совета относительно небольшой проблемы, которая у меня есть. Заранее спасибо за Вашу помощь, надеюсь получить известие от Вас. 4. Я пишу, чтобы подать заявление на должность младшего менеджера. Я надеюсь, что вы прочитаете мое заявление, и я с нетерпением ожидаю услышать от вас ответ. 5. Я с сожалением вынужден сообщить Вам, что Вы не были приняты на курс обучения. Пожалуйста, не стесняйтесь обращаться к нам снова, если вы захотите подать новое заявление в будущем. 6. Я был рад получить Ваше письмо, и я скажу вам, что я думаю, что вы должны делать. Надеюсь, что мои советы полезны, и дайте мне знать, как все получается.

13. Переведите письменно текст.

How to Write a Business Letter




There are many different reasons for writing a business letter. However, most business letters follow some general guidelines as described below.

         Use block style - do not indent paragraphs. Include address of the person you are writing to at the top of the letter, below your company address. After the address, double space and include date. Double space (or as much as you need to put the body of the letter in the center) and include the salutation. Include Mr. for men or Ms for women, unless the recipient has a title such as Dr. State a reference reason for your letter (for example: "With reference to our telephone conversation..."). Give the reason for writing (for example: "I am writing to you to confirm our order..."). Make any request you may have (for example: "I would be grateful if you could include a brochure..."). If there is to be further contact, refer to this contact (for example: "I look forward to meeting you at..."). Close the letter with a thank you (for example: "Thank you for your prompt help..."). Finish the letter with a salutation (for example: "Yours sincerely,"). Include 4 spaces and type your full name and title. Sign the letter between the salutation and the typed name and title. Keep the letter brief and to the point. Do not use shortened verb forms – write them out (for example: "don't instead of do not"). Always keep a copy of correspondence for future reference.
Есть много различных причин написания делового письма. Однако, большинство деловых писем следует некоторым общим руководящим принципам как описано ниже.

Использование блока стиль - не отступ абзаца. Включить адрес человека, которому вы пишете в верхнюю часть письма, ниже адрес Вашей компании. После адреса, удваивают пространство и включают дату. Двойное пространство (или столько, сколько вам нужно чтобы поместить текст письма в центре) и включают в себя приветствие. Включить г-н для мужчин и для женщин г-жа, если получатель такого названия, например, доктор Стейт ссылка на причину Вашего письма (например: "Что касается нашего телефонного разговора ..."). Дают основания для записи (например: "Я обращаюсь к Вам, чтобы подтвердить наш заказ ..."). Сделать любой запрос вы можете (например: "Я был бы признателен, если Вы могли бы включать брошюру ..."). Если в дальнейшем контакт, обратитесь к этой связи (например: "Я с нетерпением жду встречи с Вами на ..."). Закрыть письмо, поблагодарить Вас (например: "Спасибо Вам за Ваш быструю помощь ..."). Закончите письмо с приветствием (например: "С уважением,"). Включить 4 абзаца и введите полное имя и титул. Подпишите письмо между приветом и введенным именем и названием. Придерживайтесь в письмах краткости и существенности. Не используйте сокращенные формы глагола – (например: "не делайте вместо, не делают"). Всегда сохраняйте копии переписки на будущее.

14. Вставьте пропущенные слова в деловое письмо. В каждый пропуск необходимо вставить по одному слову.

apologize  Dear  enclosed  forward  Further

grateful  hesitate  regret  sincerely  wish
Canda Components, Ltd.

15 Temple Way

Coventry

Tel: (01203) 475866

Fax: (01203) 642024

Email: [email protected]
25 May 2006
Elizabeth Fordham
Sales Manager
Cheese Specialists Inc.
456 Rubble Road
Rockville, IL
896756                                                    

(1) __________ Ms Fordham,
(2) __________ to your letter of 22 May, I would like to (3) __________ for the confusion surrounding your order for components. This has occurred because you have ordered some components from our old catalogue and I (4) __________ to inform you that these have been withdrawn from sale. Please find (5) __________ a copy of our current catalogue showing the replacement models.
I would be (6) __________ if you would contact me at your earliest convenience to let me know whether you (7) __________ to proceed with your order from the new catalogue. Should you have any enquiries concerning the replacement components, please do not (8) __________ to ask.
I look (9) __________ to hearing from you.
Yours (10) __________,
Anna Marx

Anna Marx
Canda Components, Ltd.

15 Temple Way

Coventry

Tel: (01203) 475866

Fax: (01203) 642024
Email: [email protected]
25 May 2006
Elizabeth Fordham
Sales Manager
Cheese Specialists Inc.
456 Rubble Road
Rockville, IL
896756                                                    

Dear Ms Fordham,
Further to your letter of 22 May, I would like to apologize for the confusion surrounding your order for components. This has occurred because you have ordered some components from our old catalogue and I regret to inform you that these have been withdrawn from sale. Please find enclosed a copy of our current catalogue showing the replacement models.

I would be grateful if you would contact me at your earliest convenience to let me know whether you wish to proceed with your order from the new catalogue. Should you have any enquiries concerning the replacement components, please do not hesitate to ask.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,
Anna Marx

Anna Marx

15. Заполните форму письма-запроса информацией, данной ниже, расположив ее в нужном порядке.

Lingua Services Galactic Ltd

 

69 Milk Street, LONDON SW7 6AW, UK

Tel: +44 20 123 4567 Fax: +44 20 765 4321

Email: [email protected]

Ms Andrea Philips
Dreamtime Movies Universal Ltd. 54 Oxford Road Skagnes SK3 4RG. 
Dear Ms Philips, Thank you for your letter of 22 January enquiring about our translation services. Lingua Services Galactic offer a full range of translation services to help you in the development of sales literature and web sites. I have pleasure in enclosing our latest brochures and price list from which you can see that our prices are highly competitive. I look forward to calling you in a few days.
Yours sincerely, James Brown. James T Brown. Sales Manager.
Lingua Services Galactic Ltd

69 Milk Street, LONDON SW7 6AW, UK

Tel: +44 20 123 4567 Fax: +44 20 765 4321

Email: [email protected]
18 April
Ms Andrea Philips

Dreamtime Movies Universal Ltd

54 Oxford Road

Skagnes

SK3 4RG
Dear Ms Philips,
Thank you for your letter of 22 January enquiring about our translation services.
Lingua Services Galactic offer a full range of translation services to help you in the development of sales literature and web sites. I have pleasure in enclosing our latest brochure and price list from which you can see that our prices are highly competitive.
I look forward to calling you in a few days.
Yours sincerely,
James Brown

James Brown

Sales Manager

16. Переведите текст по своей специальности письменно на русский язык. Ответьте на вопросы после текста.

Текст для специальности 351200 «Налоги и налогообложение»

Value-Added Tax (VAT)

Payers of value-added tax are organizations, businessmen, connected with transition of goods through the customs boundary of the Russian Federation, according to the Customs code of the Russian Federation.

Organizations and businessmen have the right to be released of responsibilities of tax payers connected with calculation and payment of the tax, if for three preceding sequential calendar months the sum of proceeds from realization of goods (work and services) of these organizations or businessmen disregarding of tax and sales tax has not exceeded in aggregate one million rubles.

The following operations are taxed: realization of goods (work and services) on territory of the Russian Federation, including realization of subjects of bail and transfer of goods (outcomes of work and rendering of services) under the agreement on granting or innovation; transfer of goods (fulfillment of work and rendering of services) for own needs, expenses on which are not accepted to a deduction when calculating of the tax on incomes of organizations, including through the depreciation charges on the territory of the Russian Federation; fulfillment of civil and construction works for own consumption; import of goods on the customs territory of the Russian Federation.

Value-added tax (VAT) in Russia is levied under the rate of 20 percents on stocks, being a subject of taxation, which include a large part of realization of goods and services on a domestic market. Certain articles of food and goods for children are subject of taxation under the reduced rate in 10 percents, the export goods and services and some other stocks are released of VAT taxation.

         Goods imported behind limits of the states - members of CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States), are subject of VAT taxation levied on the customs boundary when they are imported. A total cost of goods is taxed, including the entrance duty and excises, if goods are taxed with them. Goods are free of VAT taxation when they are imported. In addition for the certain main "industrial" funds introduced by foreign investors into authorized capital of Russian legal entities there is a discharge of VAT taxation when they are imported.

There is a concept of return of VAT taxation, when payments by foreign legal entities realizing goods and services on territory of the Russian Federation and who are not registered in taxing authority, are taxed and are paid in a full size by enterprises of other party at expense of means listed by foreign enterprises. Russian buyers of goods or services should keep VAT from a gross amount of payment and directly transfer it in the budget on behalf of the foreign enterprise.

         Sum of VAT, which should be transferred in the budget, is a spread between sums of VAT obtained from realization of goods and services (i.e. final VAT), and sums being a subject of reimbursement of VAT, included in cost of purchasing.

         Realization of VAT return is authorized only for those who are registered on turnovers in Russia, being a subject to the taxation. In practice, the right on getting of VAT return usually is transferred by offset for future periods; getting of money return is theoretically possible, but in practice is difficultly feasible. VAT cannot be reimbursed on advance costs, i.e. VAT is a subject of reimbursement, as soon as goods or services were obtained, and the payment for them was accomplished. VAT, paid for purchase of main assets, is liable, if only they are not applied to fulfillment of the certain turns free of payment of the tax, except VAT on service cars and microbuses, which are not reimbursed.

         Terms of payment and size of VAT depend on the monthly average responsibility on payment of VAT.

         1. Who are payers of value-added tax? 2. When do organizations and businessmen have the right to be released of responsibilities of tax payers connected with calculation and payment of the tax? 3. What operations are taxed? 4. What are the rates of VAT in Russia? 5. When are goods free of VAT taxation? 6. Tell me about the concept of return of VAT taxation? 7. What is the sum of VAT which should be transferred in the budget? 8. Who is realization of VAT return for?         9. When can’t VAT be reimbursed? 10. What do terms of payment and size of VAT depend on?
Налог на добавленную стоимость (НДС)

Плательщиками налога на добавленную стоимость являются организации, предприниматели, связанные с переходом товаров через таможенную границу России, в соответствии с Таможенным кодексом России.

Организации и предприниматели имеют право быть освобожденными от обязанностей налогоплательщиков, связанных с исчислением и уплатой налога, если в течение трех предыдущих последовательных календарных месяцев сумма выручки от реализации товаров (работ, услуг) этих организаций или предпринимателей без учета налогов и налога с продаж не превысила в совокупности 1 миллион рублей.

Следующие операции облагаются налогом: реализация товаров (работ, услуг) на территории России, в том числе реализация предметов залога и передача товаров (результатов работ и оказание услуг) по соглашению о предоставлении или об инновационной деятельности; передачи товаров (выполнение работ и оказание услуг) для собственных нужд, расходы которые не принимаются к вычету при расчете налога на доходы организаций, в том числе через амортизационные отчисления на территории русский Федерации; осуществление гражданских и монтажных работ для собственного потребления; импорта товаров на таможенную территорию России.

Налог на добавленную стоимость (НДС) в России, облагается по ставке 20 процентов по акциям, являющиеся предметом налогообложения, которые включают в себя большую часть реализации товаров и услуг на внутреннем рынке. Некоторые продукты питания и товаров для детей являются предметом налогообложения по сниженной ставке в 10 процентов, экспорт товаров и услуг и другие акции освобождается от налогообложения НДС.

Товары, ввозимые за пределы государств - участников СНГ (Содружество Независимых Государств), являются объектом налогообложения НДС облагаются таможенной границей при их импорте. Общая стоимость товаров облагается налогом, в том числе пошлина и акцизы, если товары облагаются налогом с ними. Товары свободны от налогообложения НДС при их импорте. Кроме того, для некоторых основных "промышленных" представителей иностранных инвесторов в уставной капитал юридических субъектов России есть разряд обложения НДС при импорте.

Существует понятие возврата НДС, при осуществлении выплат иностранным юридическим лицам реализации товаров и услуг на территории России и которые не зарегистрированы в налоговом органе, облагаются налогом и выплачиваются в полном размере предприятиями другой стороны за счет средств, перечисленных иностранным компаниям. Русские покупатели товаров или услуг должны уплатить НДС с общей суммы платежей и непосредственно передать его в бюджет от имени иностранного предприятия.

Сумма НДС, которая должна быть перечислена в бюджет, является разницей между суммами НДС, полученного от реализации товаров и услуг (то есть окончательный НДС), а также суммы, которая возмещена НДС, включенный в стоимость покупки.

Подача налоговой декларации по НДС разрешено только для тех, кто зарегистрирован в России, и деятельность которых подлежит налогообложению. На практике, право на получение возврата НДС обычно смещается на будущие периоды; получение возврата денежных средств, теоретически возможно, но на практике это трудно осуществимо. НДС не могут быть возмещены на расходы по продвижению, то есть НДС вопросу возмещения расходов, как только товары или услуги были получены, а оплата за них была сделана. НДС, уплачиваемый на приобретение основных средств, несет обязанность по уплате, если только они не применяются для выполнения определенной деятельности  оказывается свободной от уплаты налога, за исключением НДС на служебные автомобили и микроавтобусы, которые не возмещаются.

Условия оплаты и размер налога на добавленную стоимость зависит от среднемесячной обязанности по уплате НДС.

         1. Who are payers of value-added tax? Payers of value-added tax are organizations, businessmen, connected with transition of goods through the customs boundary of the Russian Federation, according to the Customs code of the Russian Federation.

  2. When do organizations and businessmen have the right to be released of responsibilities of tax payers connected with calculation and payment of the tax? Organizations and businessmen have the right to be released of responsibilities of tax payers connected with calculation and payment of the tax, if for three preceding sequential calendar months the sum of proceeds from realization of goods (work and services) of these organizations or businessmen disregarding of tax and sales tax has not exceeded in aggregate one million rubles.

3. What operations are taxed? The following operations are taxed: realization of goods (work and services) on territory of the Russian Federation, including realization of subjects of bail and transfer of goods (outcomes of work and rendering of services) under the agreement on granting or innovation; transfer of goods (fulfillment of work and rendering of services) for own needs, expenses on which are not accepted to a deduction when calculating of the tax on incomes of organizations, including through the depreciation charges on the territory of the Russian Federation; fulfillment of civil and construction works for own consumption; import of goods on the customs territory of the Russian Federation.

 4. What are the rates of VAT in Russia? Value-added tax (VAT) in Russia is levied under the rate of 20 percents on stocks, being a subject of taxation, which include a large part of realization of goods and services on a domestic market. Certain articles of food and goods for children are subject of taxation under the reduced rate in 10 percents, the export goods and services and some other stocks are released of VAT taxation.

 5. When are goods free of VAT taxation? Goods are free of VAT taxation when they are imported. 6. Tell me about the concept of return of VAT taxation? There is a concept of return of VAT taxation, when payments by foreign legal entities realizing goods and services on territory of the Russian Federation and who are not registered in taxing authority, are taxed and are paid in a full size by enterprises of other party at expense of means listed by foreign enterprises.  7. What is the sum of VAT which should be transferred in the budget? Sum of VAT, which should be transferred in the budget, is a spread between sums of VAT obtained from realization of goods and services (i.e. final VAT), and sums being a subject of reimbursement of VAT, included in cost of purchasing.

 8. Who is realization of VAT return for? Realization of VAT return is authorized only for those who are registered on turnovers in Russia, being a subject to the taxation. 9. When can’t VAT be reimbursed? VAT cannot be reimbursed on advance costs, i.e. VAT is a subject of reimbursement, as soon as goods or services were obtained, and the payment for them was accomplished.  10. What do terms of payment and size of VAT depend on? Terms of payment and size of VAT depend on the monthly average responsibility on payment of VAT.

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