Joan Of Arc Essay, Research Paper

Events in the life of Joan of Arc (Jehanne Darc)

Events in Jehanne’s life Parallel events of the Hundred Years War

————————————————————————–

1412 (?), Jan 6 – Born at Domremy to Jacques Darc and Isabelle Rom?e

1413 – Death of Henry IV, accession of Henry V; Armagnacs gain control of Paris

1415 ?? – Birth of her childhood friend, Hauviette 1415 – Henry V invades France

1415, Sept 23 – English forces capture Harfleur

1415, Oct 25 – The French army is crushed at the battle of Agin?ourt

1417 – Henry V begins the conquest of Normandy; Jean-sans-Peur de Burgundy sets up a rival French government at Troyes

1418 – Jean-sans-Peur gains control of Paris; the Dauphin Charles flees south of the Loire

1419 – Assassination of Jean-sans-Peur at Montereau during a meeting with the Armagnacs; his successor, Philippe-le-Bon, allies himself with the English

1420 – Treaty of Troyes, allowing Henry V to marry Catherine, daughter of King Charles VI, and become king of France upon the latter’s death

1422 – Death of Henry V and Charles VI, producing a disputed kingship between the infant Henry VI and the Dauphin Charles VII; John, Duke of Bedford, becomes Regent of France

1422-1429 – English make slow gains in Northern France

1424 (?), Midsummer – First hears her Voices

1428, May – Goes to Vaucouleurs

1428, July – Takes refuge at Neufch?teau; Domremy is raided Campaign against Vaucouleurs by Antoine and Jean du Vergny

1428, October 12 – The English begin the siege of Orleans

1429, Jan-Feb – Returns to Vaucouleurs

1429, February – Visit to Nancy, meets with Charles II de Lorraine 1429, Feb 12 – Battle of Rouvray (”Battle of the Herrings”)

1429, Feb 23 – Leaves for Chinon

1429, Feb 24 – At St. Urbain

1429, c. Feb 27 – At Auxerre

1429, c. March 1 – At Gien

1429, March 4-5 – At St. Catherine de Fierbois

1429, March 6 – Arrives at Chinon

1429, c. March 9 – Meets with Charles VII

1429, early-March – March 21 – Examined by the theologians at Poitiers

1429, March 22 – Dictates her first letter to the English

1429, late March-April – At Tours and Blois

1429, April 25 – Leaves for Orleans

1429, April 28 – Arrives outside of Orleans; her army returns to Blois to gather reinforcements.

1429, night of April 28-29 – Sleeps at Ch?chy

1429, April 29 – Slips into Orleans

1429, April 30 – Consultation with the captains at Orleans; skirmish led by La Hire against the English in Saint Pouair; attempts by Jehanne to negotiate with the English

1429, May 1 – Dunois and d’Aulon set out for Blois; more attempts by Jehanne to negotiate / trade insults with the English

1429, May 2 – Inspects the English positions, hears Vespers at Orleans’ cathedral

1429, May 3 – Arrival of the French garrisons from Gien, Montargis, Ch?teau Reynard and Ch?teaudun

1429, May 4 – Dunois returns to Orleans with a reinforced army and launches an assault on the English-held Bastille de Saint Loup; Jehanne shows up and evidently encourages the French to victory, capturing Saint Loup and opening the eastern road into Orleans

1429, May 5 – Since this was Ascension Day, Jehanne declares a truce in honor of the holy day; orders the prostitutes to be expelled from the army’s camp; agrees to the attack planned for the next day; writes another letter to the English

1429, May 6 – French troops cross a pontoon bridge in preparation for an attack upon the Bastille de St. Jean le Blanc; the English fall back to the Bastille des Augustins. Jehanne and La Hire join the French troops at this point and lead them against the English, capturing Les Augustins. Jehanne steps on a caltrop and is wounded in the foot; that night she predicts a more serious wound to be suffered on the next day.

1429, May 7 – The French assault the English-held Bastille des Tourelles from 7 in the morning until around 9 in the evening. Jehanne is wounded by an arrow between the shoulder and neck; eventually returns to the battle and encourages the troops to make a final assault in which Les Tourelles is finally taken.

1429, May 8 – The English offer battle; Jehanne refuses to attack out of regard for the Sabbath. The English fall back to Meung.

1429, May 10 – Travels from Orleans to Tours

1429, May 10-11 – At Tours to meet with Charles VII; meanwhile, an army under Dunois, Poton de Saintraille and the Mar?chal de Sainte-S?v?re launches an unsuccessful attack on the English fortress of Jargeau

1429, May 12-23 (?) – At Loches

1429, May 24 – June 6 (?) – At Selles-en-Berri

1429, June 6 – At Romorantin

1429, June 9-10 – At Orleans

1429, June 11-12 – Capture of Jargeau

1429, June 13-14 – Back at Orleans

1429, June 15 – At Meung-sur-Loire

1429, June 16-17 – Capture of Beaugency

1429, June 17 – Between Beaugency and Meung

1429, June 18 – Battle of Patay

1429, June 19-24 – At Orleans, Sully, St Benoit, and Ch?teauneuf

1429, June 24-27 – At Gien

1429, June 27-29 (?) – In camp

1429, June 30 – Travels to Reims

1429, July 1,2 or 3 – Near Auxerre

1429, July 4 – At St Florentin

1429, July 5 – At St Phal

1429, July 5-11 – Near Troyes

1429, July 5-12 (?) – Entry into Troyes

1429, July 13-14 – At Bussy-Lettr?

1429, July 14-15 – At Chalons-sur-Marne

1429, July 16 – At Sept-Saulx

1429, July 16-21 – At Reims for the coronation; Charles VII is crowned on July 17

1429, July 21 – At Cerbeuy

1429, July 22 – At Vailly

1429, July 23-38 – At Soissons

1429, July 29 – At Ch?teau-Thierry

1429, August 1 – At Montmirail-en-Brie

1429, August 2-5 – At Provins

1429, August 7 – At Coulommiers and Ch?teau-Thierry

1429, August 10 – At La Fert? Milon

1429, August 11 – At Cr?py-en-Valois

1429, August 12 – At Lagny-le-Sec

1429, August 13 – At Dammartin and Thieux

1429, August 14 – At Baron and Montepilloy

1429, August 14-15 – Battle of Montepilloy

1429, August 16-17 – At Cr?py-en-Valois

1429, August 18-23 – At Compi?gne

1429, August 26 – September 8 – At St. Denis and La Chapelle

1429, September 8 – Attack on Paris; Jehanne is wounded in the thigh while trying to locate a spot for her troops to cross Paris’ inner ditch.

1429, September 9 – At La Chapelle and St. Denis

1429, September 10 and 13 – At St. Denis

1429, September 14-21 – At Lagny, Provins, Bray, Sens, Courtenay, Ch?teaurenard, Montargis, Gien

1429, October – At Meung-sur-Y?vre and Bourges

1429, October and early November – At St. Pierre-le-Moutier

1429, November 9 – At Moulins

1429, November 24 – Attack on La Charit?-sur-Loire

1429, early December – At Meung-sur-Y?vre

1429, December 19 – At Orleans

1429, December 25 (?) – At Jargeau ?

1429, December 29 – Ennobled along with her family, given a coat of arms and surname “du Lys”

1430, March 3-28 – At Sully

1430, early April – At Lagny; battle of Lagny

1430, April 17-23 – At Melun

1430, late April – At Senlis, Compi?gne, Berenglise, Ste Marguerite, Soissons, Cr?py-en-Valois

1430, May 14-15 – At Compi?gne and Pont l’Ev?que

1430, May 18 (?) – At Soissons

1430, May 19(?) – 22 – At Cr?py-en-Valois

1430, May 23 – At Compi?gne; assault on Margny; Jehanne captured.

1430, May 23-25 – At Clairoix

1430, late May – July – Held prisoner at Beaulieu

1430, mid-July – mid-November – At Beaurevoir

1430, late November – At Arras, St Riquier, Drugy, and Le Crotoy

1430, December – At St Val?ry, Eu, Dieppe, and Rouen.

1430, December 25 (?) – Held in a tower at Rouen, where she would stay until May 30

1431, January 3 – Transferred to the custody of Bishop Cauchon

1431, January 9 – Beginning of the 1st trial (Trial of Condemnation)

1431, February 21 – First public session of the trial

1431, March 10-17 – Closed sessions of testimony

1431, March 27 – Libellus read

1431, April 18 – Admonished to recant

1431, May 19 – Reading of the University of Paris’ condemnation

1431, May 23 – Conclusion of the trial

1431, May 24 – Taken to a platform and threatened with execution; recants and is given the sentence of life in prison

1431, May 28 – Rejects her previous abjuration and accepts a death sentence.

1431, May 29 – The assessors vote to turn her over to secular justice

1431, May 30 – Execution.

———————— Related events after her death ————————

1435, Sept 21 – Treaty of Arras between Charles VII and Philippe-le-Bon de Burgundy, effectively dooming the English cause

1436 – Paris surrenders to the French

1448 – Rouen taken by the French

1450 – English driven out of Normandy; the process of retrying Joan of Arc’s case begins under the direction of Guillaume Bouill?

1450, March 4 & 5 – Preliminary witness depositions are taken, beginning with the testimony of Guillaume Manchon, one of the notaries at the original trial.

1452 – Joan of Arc’s retrial process continues under Cardinal d’Estouteville and Inquisitor Jean Br?hal

1452, May 2 & 3 – Five witnesses questioned.

1452, May 8 – More testimony, with depositions from seventeen witnesses

1453 – English driven out of Guyenne; most historians consider this to be the end of the “Hundred Years War”

1455, June 11 – Pope Calixtus III authorizes Jehanne’s mother, Isabelle, to open the suit

1455, November 7 – The opening session of the retrial (”Trial of Rehabilitation”), held at Notre Dame in Paris

1455, November through 1456, May – Witness testimony

1456, May 14 – The witness testimony is concluded

1456, May 30 – Hearings resumed

1456, June 2 – As no further evidence was submitted, the existing body of testimony was accepted into the record.

1456, June 5 – The counsel for the plaintiffs, Guillaume Pr?vosteau, submitted his documents to the tribunal

1456, June 10 – Final session during which all the various documents were collected.

1456, June 18 – The plaintiffs, in the form of Jehanne’s brother Jean Darc, the family’s lawyer, and the Promoter for the case, pay a visit to the commissioners, expressing the wish that the latter would speed up their final deliberations

1456, June 24 – Final call for any objections, with presentation of final evidence against Jehanne set for July 1

1456, July 1 – No one showed up.

1456, July 2 – The plaintiffs formally ask the judges to annul the original verdict and declare Jehanne innocent.

1456, July 7, beginning at the hour of 8 am – Public announcement of the judgement of the court, in which the original verdict is thrown out and Joan of Arc is declared innocent.

————– Related events in our own era ————–

1903, February – Formal proposal for canonisation

1904, January – Pope Pius X awards her the title of “Venerable”

1909, April 11 – Beatification

1920, May 16 – Canonised as a saint by Pope Benedict XV

Bibliography

Events in the life of Joan of Arc (Jehanne Darc)

Events in Jehanne’s life Parallel events of the Hundred Years War

————————————————————————–

1412 (?), Jan 6 – Born at Domremy to Jacques Darc and Isabelle Rom?e

1413 – Death of Henry IV, accession of Henry V; Armagnacs gain control of Paris

1415 ?? – Birth of her childhood friend, Hauviette 1415 – Henry V invades France

1415, Sept 23 – English forces capture Harfleur

1415, Oct 25 – The French army is crushed at the battle of Agin?ourt

1417 – Henry V begins the conquest of Normandy; Jean-sans-Peur de Burgundy sets up a rival French government at Troyes

1418 – Jean-sans-Peur gains control of Paris; the Dauphin Charles flees south of the Loire

1419 – Assassination of Jean-sans-Peur at Montereau during a meeting with the Armagnacs; his successor, Philippe-le-Bon, allies himself with the English

1420 – Treaty of Troyes, allowing Henry V to marry Catherine, daughter of King Charles VI, and become king of France upon the latter’s death

1422 – Death of Henry V and Charles VI, producing a disputed kingship between the infant Henry VI and the Dauphin Charles VII; John, Duke of Bedford, becomes Regent of France

1422-1429 – English make slow gains in Northern France

1424 (?), Midsummer – First hears her Voices

1428, May – Goes to Vaucouleurs

1428, July – Takes refuge at Neufch?teau; Domremy is raided Campaign against Vaucouleurs by Antoine and Jean du Vergny

1428, October 12 – The English begin the siege of Orleans

1429, Jan-Feb – Returns to Vaucouleurs

1429, February – Visit to Nancy, meets with Charles II de Lorraine 1429, Feb 12 – Battle of Rouvray (”Battle of the Herrings”)

1429, Feb 23 – Leaves for Chinon

1429, Feb 24 – At St. Urbain

1429, c. Feb 27 – At Auxerre

1429, c. March 1 – At Gien

1429, March 4-5 – At St. Catherine de Fierbois

1429, March 6 – Arrives at Chinon

1429, c. March 9 – Meets with Charles VII

1429, early-March – March 21 – Examined by the theologians at Poitiers

1429, March 22 – Dictates her first letter to the English

1429, late March-April – At Tours and Blois

1429, April 25 – Leaves for Orleans

1429, April 28 – Arrives outside of Orleans; her army returns to Blois to gather reinforcements.

1429, night of April 28-29 – Sleeps at Ch?chy

1429, April 29 – Slips into Orleans

1429, April 30 – Consultation with the captains at Orleans; skirmish led by La Hire against the English in Saint Pouair; attempts by Jehanne to negotiate with the English

1429, May 1 – Dunois and d’Aulon set out for Blois; more attempts by Jehanne to negotiate / trade insults with the English

1429, May 2 – Inspects the English positions, hears Vespers at Orleans’ cathedral

1429, May 3 – Arrival of the French garrisons from Gien, Montargis, Ch?teau Reynard and Ch?teaudun

1429, May 4 – Dunois returns to Orleans with a reinforced army and launches an assault on the English-held Bastille de Saint Loup; Jehanne shows up and evidently encourages the French to victory, capturing Saint Loup and opening the eastern road into Orleans

1429, May 5 – Since this was Ascension Day, Jehanne declares a truce in honor of the holy day; orders the prostitutes to be expelled from the army’s camp; agrees to the attack planned for the next day; writes another letter to the English

1429, May 6 – French troops cross a pontoon bridge in preparation for an attack upon the Bastille de St. Jean le Blanc; the English fall back to the Bastille des Augustins. Jehanne and La Hire join the French troops at this point and lead them against the English, capturing Les Augustins. Jehanne steps on a caltrop and is wounded in the foot; that night she predicts a more serious wound to be suffered on the next day.

1429, May 7 – The French assault the English-held Bastille des Tourelles from 7 in the morning until around 9 in the evening. Jehanne is wounded by an arrow between the shoulder and neck; eventually returns to the battle and encourages the troops to make a final assault in which Les Tourelles is finally taken.

1429, May 8 – The English offer battle; Jehanne refuses to attack out of regard for the Sabbath. The English fall back to Meung.

1429, May 10 – Travels from Orleans to Tours

1429, May 10-11 – At Tours to meet with Charles VII; meanwhile, an army under Dunois, Poton de Saintraille and the Mar?chal de Sainte-S?v?re launches an unsuccessful attack on the English fortress of Jargeau

1429, May 12-23 (?) – At Loches

1429, May 24 – June 6 (?) – At Selles-en-Berri

1429, June 6 – At Romorantin

1429, June 9-10 – At Orleans

1429, June 11-12 – Capture of Jargeau

1429, June 13-14 – Back at Orleans

1429, June 15 – At Meung-sur-Loire

1429, June 16-17 – Capture of Beaugency

1429, June 17 – Between Beaugency and Meung

1429, June 18 – Battle of Patay

1429, June 19-24 – At Orleans, Sully, St Benoit, and Ch?teauneuf

1429, June 24-27 – At Gien

1429, June 27-29 (?) – In camp

1429, June 30 – Travels to Reims

1429, July 1,2 or 3 – Near Auxerre

1429, July 4 – At St Florentin

1429, July 5 – At St Phal

1429, July 5-11 – Near Troyes

1429, July 5-12 (?) – Entry into Troyes

1429, July 13-14 – At Bussy-Lettr?

1429, July 14-15 – At Chalons-sur-Marne

1429, July 16 – At Sept-Saulx

1429, July 16-21 – At Reims for the coronation; Charles VII is crowned on July 17

1429, July 21 – At Cerbeuy

1429, July 22 – At Vailly

1429, July 23-38 – At Soissons

1429, July 29 – At Ch?teau-Thierry

1429, August 1 – At Montmirail-en-Brie

1429, August 2-5 – At Provins

1429, August 7 – At Coulommiers and Ch?teau-Thierry

1429, August 10 – At La Fert? Milon

1429, August 11 – At Cr?py-en-Valois

1429, August 12 – At Lagny-le-Sec

1429, August 13 – At Dammartin and Thieux

1429, August 14 – At Baron and Montepilloy

1429, August 14-15 – Battle of Montepilloy

1429, August 16-17 – At Cr?py-en-Valois

1429, August 18-23 – At Compi?gne

1429, August 26 – September 8 – At St. Denis and La Chapelle

1429, September 8 – Attack on Paris; Jehanne is wounded in the thigh while trying to locate a spot for her troops to cross Paris’ inner ditch.

1429, September 9 – At La Chapelle and St. Denis

1429, September 10 and 13 – At St. Denis

1429, September 14-21 – At Lagny, Provins, Bray, Sens, Courtenay, Ch?teaurenard, Montargis, Gien

1429, October – At Meung-sur-Y?vre and Bourges

1429, October and early November – At St. Pierre-le-Moutier

1429, November 9 – At Moulins

1429, November 24 – Attack on La Charit?-sur-Loire

1429, early December – At Meung-sur-Y?vre

1429, December 19 – At Orleans

1429, December 25 (?) – At Jargeau ?

1429, December 29 – Ennobled along with her family, given a coat of arms and surname “du Lys”

1430, March 3-28 – At Sully

1430, early April – At Lagny; battle of Lagny

1430, April 17-23 – At Melun

1430, late April – At Senlis, Compi?gne, Berenglise, Ste Marguerite, Soissons, Cr?py-en-Valois

1430, May 14-15 – At Compi?gne and Pont l’Ev?que

1430, May 18 (?) – At Soissons

1430, May 19(?) – 22 – At Cr?py-en-Valois

1430, May 23 – At Compi?gne; assault on Margny; Jehanne captured.

1430, May 23-25 – At Clairoix

1430, late May – July – Held prisoner at Beaulieu

1430, mid-July – mid-November – At Beaurevoir

1430, late November – At Arras, St Riquier, Drugy, and Le Crotoy

1430, December – At St Val?ry, Eu, Dieppe, and Rouen.

1430, December 25 (?) – Held in a tower at Rouen, where she would stay until May 30

1431, January 3 – Transferred to the custody of Bishop Cauchon

1431, January 9 – Beginning of the 1st trial (Trial of Condemnation)

1431, February 21 – First public session of the trial

1431, March 10-17 – Closed sessions of testimony

1431, March 27 – Libellus read

1431, April 18 – Admonished to recant

1431, May 19 – Reading of the University of Paris’ condemnation

1431, May 23 – Conclusion of the trial

1431, May 24 – Taken to a platform and threatened with execution; recants and is given the sentence of life in prison

1431, May 28 – Rejects her previous abjuration and accepts a death sentence.

1431, May 29 – The assessors vote to turn her over to secular justice

1431, May 30 – Execution.

———————— Related events after her death ————————

1435, Sept 21 – Treaty of Arras between Charles VII and Philippe-le-Bon de Burgundy, effectively dooming the English cause

1436 – Paris surrenders to the French

1448 – Rouen taken by the French

1450 – English driven out of Normandy; the process of retrying Joan of Arc’s case begins under the direction of Guillaume Bouill?

1450, March 4 & 5 – Preliminary witness depositions are taken, beginning with the testimony of Guillaume Manchon, one of the notaries at the original trial.

1452 – Joan of Arc’s retrial process continues under Cardinal d’Estouteville and Inquisitor Jean Br?hal

1452, May 2 & 3 – Five witnesses questioned.

1452, May 8 – More testimony, with depositions from seventeen witnesses

1453 – English driven out of Guyenne; most historians consider this to be the end of the “Hundred Years War”

1455, June 11 – Pope Calixtus III authorizes Jehanne’s mother, Isabelle, to open the suit

1455, November 7 – The opening session of the retrial (”Trial of Rehabilitation”), held at Notre Dame in Paris

1455, November through 1456, May – Witness testimony

1456, May 14 – The witness testimony is concluded

1456, May 30 – Hearings resumed

1456, June 2 – As no further evidence was submitted, the existing body of testimony was accepted into the record.

1456, June 5 – The counsel for the plaintiffs, Guillaume Pr?vosteau, submitted his documents to the tribunal

1456, June 10 – Final session during which all the various documents were collected.

1456, June 18 – The plaintiffs, in the form of Jehanne’s brother Jean Darc, the family’s lawyer, and the Promoter for the case, pay a visit to the commissioners, expressing the wish that the latter would speed up their final deliberations

1456, June 24 – Final call for any objections, with presentation of final evidence against Jehanne set for July 1

1456, July 1 – No one showed up.

1456, July 2 – The plaintiffs formally ask the judges to annul the original verdict and declare Jehanne innocent.

1456, July 7, beginning at the hour of 8 am – Public announcement of the judgement of the court, in which the original verdict is thrown out and Joan of Arc is declared innocent.

————– Related events in our own era ————–

1903, February – Formal proposal for canonisation

1904, January – Pope Pius X awards her the title of “Venerable”

1909, April 11 – Beatification

1920, May 16 – Canonised as a saint by Pope Benedict XV