History & Heritage In Enfield Essay, Research Paper

Ponders

End? History

Ponders

End started out as a large hamlet in the parish of Enfield. The Enfield

enclosure map (1803) shows a straggling L-shaped settlement. The High Street

was built up from Red Lane (Lincoln Road) to just south of Farm Lane (Southbury

Road). Houses were dotted along South Street as far as Ponders End Mill and the

Lee Navigation. There was also a small settlement clustered around Scotland

Green. There was no road access across the river to Chingford. (It was not

until the early eighteen-seventies that Lea Valley Road was built, financed by

public subscription). The

River Lee in its natural state was more or less navigable as far as Ware and

Hertford. The present Lee Navigation was constructed from 1766 under the

supervision of John Smeaton, including a lock at Ponders End.The

ancient moated manor house called Durants Arbour stood to the east of the High

Street, between The Ride and Durants Road. In the sixteenth century it was held

by the powerful Wroth family. Both Sir Thomas Wroth and his son Sir Robert

Wroth were prominent MP’s during the reign of Elizabeth I. The property later

passed to the Stringer family, one of whom, William Stringer, was married to

the daughter of the notorious Judge Jeffreys. The manor house was destroyed by

fire in the late 18th century, but a Tudor gatehouse survived until 1910. The

moat was subsequently filled in and the site built over.In 1826

there were coaches every half hour to London. In 1840 the first section of what

was to become the main railway line to Cambridge was opened between Stratford

and Broxbourne with a station at Ponders End. In 1845 the station was served by

6 trains daily in each direction. In 1891 the opening of the Southbury Loop

gave Ponders End a second station, sited in Southbury Road. However, this line

lost its passenger service in 1909 due to tramway competition.In 1881

a horse tramway from Stamford Hill was opened as far as the junction of

Southbury Road and the High Street. Sadly, it did not prosper and within a

short time the service was cut back to Tramway Avenue Depot at Edmonton. In

1907 a completely new electric tramway was built through Ponders End, reaching

Waltham Cross in 1908. In 1911 the tramway was extended along Southbury Road,

forming a branch to Enfield Town. Apart from the Southbury Road route the trams

gave way to trolleybuses in 1938. A

report by the General Board of Health (1850) on sanitary conditions in Enfield

reveals an alarming state of affairs in Ponders End. Many of the older cottages

were grossly overcrowded and extremly insanitary. The worst affected areas were

South Street and Scotland Green. The whole area suffered from poor drainage.Housing

development began at a fairly early date. Alma Road was developed from 1855 and

Napier Road had been laid out by 1867. The Lincoln House Estate (Derby Road and

Lincoln Road) was built up from 1871. Durants Road was dveloped from 1888 and

Nags Head Road from 1890. By 1914 much of the area had been built up, but there

was still open country separating Ponders End from Enfield Highway to the north

and Edmonton to the south.For

many years the nearest church was at Enfield Town. Then in 1831 St James Church

was built at Enfield Highway. Ponders End did not get a church of its own until

1878 when St Matthew’s Church was erected in South Street. The nonconformists,

however, took Ponders End rather more seriously. An Independent Chapel was

built in the High Street in 1768. (This is the direct ancestor of the present

United Reformed Church).The

oldest industrial site is the Ponders End Mill. The present mill buildings date

from the late 18th century. In 1809 Grout and Baylis’ crape factory was built

in South Street. This closed in 1894 and the factory was later taken over by

United Flexible Metal Tubing. A jute mill was opened beside the Lee Navigation

in 1865, lasting until 1882. The building was taken over by Ediswan in 1886 and

used for the manufacture of electric light bulbs and later radio valves. During

World War I, a huge munitions factory, the Ponders End Shell Works was built in

Wharf Road. The factory buildings were sold off after the war. Further

factories were built in the thirties alongside the newly-built Great Cambridge

Road.Housing

development resumed after World War I. The gaps separating Ponders End from

Edmonton and Enfield Highway were finally closed. Much former market garden

land was built upon. By 1939 the area was virtually fully developed.There

have been several transport innovations since World War II. The Southbury Loop,

closed to passengers since 1909, was re-opened and electrified in 1960. The Lea

Valley Line was electrified in 1969. Trolleybuses gave way to conventional

diesel buses in 1961. In the early nineteen-sixties Nags Head Road was extended

to link up with Lea Valley Road, bypassing the heavily congested level crossing

at Ponders End station.After

World War II much of the older part of Ponders End was in a rundown state. From

the fifties onwards there was much council redevelopment particularly in the

South Street and Alma Road areas. Today Ponders End is an uneasy mixture of old

and new: the Mill buildings survive in the shadow of the Alma Road tower

blocks.Further

Reading Hodson,

George and Ford, Edward – A history of Enfield. Enfield. 1873.Pam,

David – Protestant gentlemen: the Wroths of Durants Arbour, Enfield and

Loughton, Essex. Edmonton Hundred Historical Society. 1973Robinson,

William – The history and antiquities of Enfield. London. 1873Whitaker,

Cuthbert Whitaker – An illustrated history, statistical and topographical

account of Enfield. London. 1911.St

Matthew’s Ladies Fellowship – Ponders End remembered. Enfield. 1981.Dalling,

Graham – Parish church of St Matthew, Ponders End. Enfield. 1978. Pam,

David – A history of Enfield: Vol.1: before 1837. Enfield. 1990.

347