Environmental Problems Essay, Research Paper

THE NEED FOR EXTREME CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM IN CALIFORNIA

ORIENTATION

FACTORS:

I.Basic Introduction and description – Introduce basic sides of Criminal

Law and Elaborate

II.General History and Development

- Discuss the history and modifications of Reform Laws in California

III.Main Problems and Concern Stimulants

- Point out real life statistics and point out incidents

IV.Conclusion

- Point out the need for an extreme reform and what can be done

SENTENCE OUTLINE

I. An analysis of Department of Corrections data by the Center on Juvenile and

Criminal Justice in San Francisco, CA, in Nov, 1995 indicates that since the

enactment of California’s “Three Strikes” law two years ago, 192 have “struck

out” for marijuana possession, compared to 40 for murder, 25 for rape, and 24

for kidnapping.

A. I have a strong proposition for the California Legislature…and that is a

strict and logical reform to the present Criminal Justice System in California.

B. “The California Legislature is to be commended for its stance on crime. Not

for their “get tough” policies such as the “Three Strikes” law but for their

enactment of a little known section of the Penal Code entitled the “Community

Based Punishment Act of 1994.” (Senator Quentin Kopp, Time Magazine Feb 14,

1996) C. By passage of this act, the State of California has acknowledged the

limitations of incarceration as both punishment and a deterrent to criminal

behavior. D. The legislature has in fact declared that “California’s criminal

justice system is seriously out of balance in its heavy dependence upon prison

facilities and jails for punishment and its lack of appropriate punishment for

nonviolent offenders and substance abusers who could be successfully treated in

appropriate, less restrictive programs without any increase in danger to the

public”

II.More facts, Opinions and Developmental Ideas

A. In essence, this law proposes a community based system of intermediate

restrictions for non-violent offenders that fall between jail time and

traditional probation such as home detention with electronic monitoring, boot

camps, mandatory community service and victim restitution, day reporting, and

others. B. Pilot programs are to be developed as a collaborative effort between

the state and counties requiring a community based plan describing the sanctions

and services to be provided. C. A progress report on an actof this kind would be

made by the California Board of Corrections on January 1, 1997 and annually

thereafter to selected legislative committees.

III.Informatives

A. “It seems clear that the California Legislature has determined that

incarceration is not appropriate for many criminal offenses and that alternative

sanctions are preferable for non-violent offenders. ” (Randy Meyer, Political

Official) B. But while this approach is to be applauded, its spreading prevents

the fulfillment of its true potential. C. “By retaining those non-violent

offenders that are currently in state prison and continuing to pursue defensive

punishment at the local level in the form of short term “shock incarceration”

and bootcamps, the costly and ineffective methods of criminal behavior

correction remain intact.” (Charles Calderon-US News) D. By immediately

eliminating incarceration for all non-violent offenses and requiring victim

compensation and community service, resources can be committed to preventing

crime rather than to the feeding and housing of offenders. E. This is consistent

with the findings of the legislature and is cost efficient, requires minimal

systemic change, and increases public safety and security.

IV.The Proposal

A. “Our current criminal justice system appears to be based upon the Old

Testament proverb that “your eye shall not pity; it shall be life for life, eye

for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.” Revenge thus plays a

part of the punishment model.” (LA Official Boland) From a societal standpoint,

we expect punishment to prevent the offender and others from further criminal

behavior. Incarceration of offenders as the punishment of choice thus

theoretically provides revenge, individual incapacitation, and restriction.

But I submit that such a philosophical foundation is flawed. Revenge while

understandable from an individual human perspective is not a proper basis for

society’s response to the misbehavior of its laws. This human urge to punish

should be removed from the current system and replaced with methods of

restrictions that utilize the offender’s potential to benefit his victim and

society at large. In other words, in a free society the end desired is the

correction of behavior that utilizes the least force . This conforms to the

principles of limited government, efficiency, reduced cost, and personal freedom

as advocated by both liberals and conservatives alike.

The basic underlying concept of this proposal is that incarceration should be

reserved for those who are violent and thus dangerous to the public. Violent

crimes would be defined broadly to include any act or attempt to injure the

person of another except by accident. This would therefore range from murder to

driving under the influence with current distinctions of misdemeanor and felony

offenses remaining in place.

The court sentencing procedures would also be modified to exclude incarceration

for non-violent crimes with an emphasis on victim restitution and community

service. The court would maybe rely on probation reports to provide the

necessary offender personal history including employment, job skills (or lack

of), and personal resources, e.g. bank accounts, property ownership, etc. Based

on this information, the court would apply the appropriate sentence of victim

restitution and community service with close monitoring by probation officials.

As with all human endeavors, compliance by offenders would most likely not be

100%. The threat of incarceration would have to exist for those failing to

submit to or comply with court ordered repayment and public service. Many will

not agree with this due to the complexity and in many cases there can be more

harm done then it could be beneficial. But for the most part there is no reason

to believe that the failure rate would be any higher under this type of system

than is currently the case

V.Conclusion

This proposal provides a policy alternative to the current criminal justice

emphasis on incarceration as punishment. It is based on the premise of

effectiveness and cost efficiency with a high regard for individual liberty that

is essential to a free society. It moves away from the concept of punishment and

focuses on a more functional goal of victim and societal repayment. The proposal

offers prevention at the front end rather than repayment at the back end of

crime reduction efforts.

The advantages of such a system are numerous. One of the most important assets

of a revision of this kind is that of allowing for a major change in the

criminal justice system with a minimum of disruption to the status quo. Rather

than requiring an entire systemic change, this proposal works within the current

practices of the court, police, and corrections. Indeed, very few authorized

changes would have to be made.

Enactment of this proposal would eliminate the need for future bond measures for

prison construction. Not only would it save taxpayer money, it would be most

advantageous to the remaining employees of the California Department of

Corrections by allowing for the closure of outdated and unsafe facilities. In

addition, unemployment could be kept to a minimum by offering qualified state

correctional officers employment with local law enforcement agencies.

It is time now to look beyond revenge and the emotionalism associated with

current justice system practices. “There is only one practical method of

reducing crime and the subsequent public’s fear and that is through a high level

of police presence on the street.” (Randy Meyer, M.A.) In essence, this revision

allows for a return of the local neighborhood police officer who is familiar

with its residents and business owners.

In the final analysis, our very freedom depends on how we treat society’s

criminals and misfits. By continuing to create a criminal class that has not

been rehabilitated through incarceration, we are ultimately sabotaging our own

security. Maybe with this we can have a means of reversing the trend of

incarceration as punishment while increasing our personal safety and diminishing

the fear that is rampant among us.

QUICK FACTS

-The current California prison population is 135,133 and is expected to increase

to about 148,600 by June 30,1996 per the California Department of Corrections.

-42.1% of these inmates are incarcerated for violent offenses, 25.3% for

property offenses, 26.2% for drugs, and 6.4% for other.

-Average yearly cost: per inmate, $21,885 and per parolee, $2,110.

-California Department of Corrections budget for 1995-1996: $3.4 billion;

proposed budget for 1996-1997 for both Corrections and Youth Authority: $4.1

billion. This compares to $1.6 billion for community colleges and $4.8 billion

for higher education.

-California Legislative Analysist Elizabeth Hill advised on February 26, 1996

that 24 new prisons will need to be built by the year 2005 to keep pace with the

incarceration rate. This will cost taxpayers $7 billion for their construction

and increase operating costs to $6 billion annually.

-California Attorney General Dan Lungren announced on March 12, 1996 that the

number of homicides reported in 1995 in the most populated two-thirds of the

state had declined 3.1%, rape 3.9%, robbery 7.9%, aggravated assault 4.2%,

burglary 8.9%, and vehicle theft, 11.4% (San Jose Mercury News, 3/13/96). This

is consistent with a 5% decline in the national violent crime rate for the first

half of 1995 per the FBI.

MANUSCRIPT

An analysis of Department of Corrections data by the Center on Juvenile and

Criminal Justice in San Francisco, CA, in Nov, 1995 indicates that since the

enactment of California’s “Three Strikes” law two years ago, 192 have “struck

out” for marijuana possession, compared to 40 for murder, 25 for rape, and 24

for kidnapping. I have a strong proposition for the California Legislature…and

that is a strict and logical reform to the present Criminal Justice System in

California. “The California Legislature is to be commended for its stance on

crime. Not for their “get tough” policies such as the “Three Strikes” law but

for their enactment of a little known section of the Penal Code entitled the

“Community Based Punishment Act of 1994.” (Senator Quentin Kopp, Time Magazine

Feb 14, 1996). By passage of this act, the State of California has acknowledged

the limitations of incarceration as both punishment and a deterrent to criminal

behavior. The legislature has in fact declared that “California’s criminal

justice system is seriously out of balance in its heavy dependence upon prison

facilities and jails for punishment and its lack of appropriate punishment for

nonviolent offenders and substance abusers who could be successfully treated in

appropriate, less restrictive programs without any increase in danger to the

public” In essence, this law proposes a community based system of intermediate

restrictions for non-violent offenders that fall between jail time and

traditional probation such as home detention with electronic monitoring, boot

camps, mandatory community service and victim restitution, day reporting, and

others. Pilot programs are to be developed as a collaborative effort between

the state and counties requiring a community based plan describing the sanctions

and services to be provided. A progress report on an actof this kind would be

made by the California Board of Corrections on January 1, 1997 and annually

thereafter to selected legislative committees. “It seems clear that the

California Legislature has determined that incarceration is not appropriate for

many criminal offenses and that alternative sanctions are preferable for non-

violent offenders. ” (Randy Meyer, Political Official). But while this approach

is to be applauded, its spreading prevents the fulfillment of its true potential.

“By retaining those non-violent offenders that are currently in state prison

and continuing to pursue defensive punishment at the local level in the form of

short term “shock incarceration” and bootcamps, the costly and ineffective

methods of criminal behavior correction remain intact.” (Charles Calderon-US

News). By immediately eliminating incarceration for all non-violent offenses

and requiring victim compensation and community service, resources can be

committed to preventing crime rather than to the feeding and housing of

offenders. This is consistent with the findings of the legislature and is cost

efficient, requires minimal systemic change, and increases public safety and

security. “Our current criminal justice system appears to be based upon the Old

Testament proverb that “your eye shall not pity; it shall be life for life, eye

for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.” Revenge thus plays a

part of the punishment model.” (LA Official Boland). From a societal standpoint,

we expect punishment to prevent the offender and others from further criminal

behavior. Incarceration of offenders as the punishment of choice thus

theoretically provides revenge, individual incapacitation, and restriction.

But I submit that such a philosophical foundation is flawed. Revenge while

understandable from an individual human perspective is not a proper basis for

society’s response to the misbehavior of its laws. This human urge to punish

should be removed from the current system and replaced with methods of

restrictions that utilize the offender’s potential to benefit his victim and

society at large. In other words, in a free society the end desired is the

correction of behavior that utilizes the least force . This conforms to the

principles of limited government, efficiency, reduced cost, and personal freedom

as advocated by both liberals and conservatives alike. The basic underlying

concept of this proposal is that incarceration should be reserved for those who

are violent and thus dangerous to the public. Violent crimes would be defined

broadly to include any act or attempt to injure the person of another except by

accident. This would therefore range from murder to driving under the influence

with current distinctions of misdemeanor and felony offenses remaining in place.

The court sentencing procedures would also be modified to exclude incarceration

for non-violent crimes with an emphasis on victim restitution and community

service. The court would maybe rely on probation reports to provide the

necessary offender personal history including employment, job skills (or lack

of), and personal resources, e.g. bank accounts, property ownership, etc. Based

on this information, the court would apply the appropriate sentence of victim

restitution and community service with close monitoring by probation officials.

As with all human endeavors, compliance by offenders would most likely not be

100%. The threat of incarceration would have to exist for those failing to

submit to or comply with court ordered repayment and public service. Many will

not agree with this due to the complexity and in many cases there can be more

harm done then it could be beneficial. But for the most part there is no reason

to believe that the failure rate would be any higher under this type of system

than is currently the case This proposal provides a policy alternative to the

current criminal justice emphasis on incarceration as punishment. It is based on

the premise of effectiveness and cost efficiency with a high regard for

individual liberty that is essential to a free society. It moves away from the

concept of punishment and focuses on a more functional goal of victim and

societal repayment. The proposal offers prevention at the front end rather than

repayment at the back end of crime reduction efforts. The advantages of such a

system are numerous. One of the most important assets of a revision of this kind

is that of allowing for a major change in the criminal justice system with a

minimum of disruption to the status quo. Rather than requiring an entire

systemic change, this proposal works within the current practices of the court,

police, and corrections. Indeed, very few authorized changes would have to be

made. Enactment of this proposal would eliminate the need for future bond

measures for prison construction. Not only would it save taxpayer money, it

would be most advantageous to the remaining employees of the California

Department of Corrections by allowing for the closure of outdated and unsafe

facilities. In addition, unemployment could be kept to a minimum by offering

qualified state correctional officers employment with local law enforcement

agencies. It is time now to look beyond revenge and the emotionalism associated

with current justice system practices. “There is only one practical method of

reducing crime and the subsequent public’s fear and that is through a high level

of police presence on the street.” (Randy Meyer, M.A.) In essence, this revision

allows for a return of the local neighborhood police officer who is familiar

with its residents and business owners. In the final analysis, our very freedom

depends on how we treat society’s criminals and misfits. By continuing to

create a criminal class that has not been rehabilitated through incarceration,

we are ultimately sabotaging our own security. Maybe with this we can have a

means of reversing the trend of incarceration as punishment while increasing our

personal safety and diminishing the fear that is rampant among us.