Political And Economic Changes In Bulgaria Essay, Research Paper

Political and Economic Changes In Bulgaria

Over the course of the past two months, January and February 1997,

Bulgaria has undergone some sweeping political changes and its economy has

deteriorated into further collapse. The following is an attempt to describe the

events which took place in Bulgaria in January and February of 1997. This is

somewhat of a difficult task given the current rate of political, economical and

social changes which are occurring in Bulgaria. What follows is an account of

the events which have taken place in Bulgaria over the last two months i.e.

January and February of 1997, subject to the news material which was available

to me and to the time constraints of this project.

Bulgaria’s economic crisis exploded into popular outrage at the

beginning of January 1997, when previously quiescent Bulgarians poured into the

streets to demand that the governing BSP, leave power now rather than when their

four-year term expires at the end of 1998.

After a month of mostly peaceful daily protests that paralysed Sofia and

brought much of the country’s business to a halt, the Socialists, who lack the

kind of fiercely loyal police and media that have sustained President Slobodan

Milosevic in neighbouring Serbia, submitted to the protesters demands on

Wednesday, February 5th 1997. They agreed to hand over power to a caretaker

government until new elections in mid-April, which they are unlikely to win,

when recent polls conclude that only 10% of the population currently support the

BSP. “We’d better celebrate now, because we have very hard days ahead,” said

Ivan Kostov, leader of the opposition United Democratic Forces. ( Source : OMRI

Daily Digest, 18th February 1997. ).

The newly elected Bulgarian President Petar Stoyanov named an interim

cabinet headed by Sofia Mayor Stefan Sofianski to oversee the country and its

collapsing economy until a new parliament is chosen in general elections

scheduled for April 19. The appointment means that the mass protests forced the

leaders of the Socialist majority in parliament to agree to a new ballot 20

months before the end of their elective term. Sofianski’s caretaker cabinet

includes strong critics of the BSP and has announced it will abolish the

economic development portfolio created by them.

This new caretaker government has already begun to dismantle the large

number of government Ministries which were set up by the former Communists, the

BSP. Literally thousands of Civil Servants are being made redundant, as the

caretaker government attempts to pave the way for Administrative Reform in both

the Central and Local Governments of Bulgaria.

Just before this project went to press, on Thursday, the 27th of

February, 1997, Poland agreed to give Bulgaria 100,00 tons of wheat to help it

deal with the grain shortages. Bulgaria has already opened its wheat reserves in

an effort to ease the continuing bread shortages. The loan will be repaid when

Bulgaria’s grain reserves are replenished. ( Source : OMRI Daily Digest,

28th February 1997. )

The German Foreign Minister, Klaus Kinkel, speaking in Bonn on 27th

February 1997, commented that “Bulgaria is on the brink of economic economic

catastrophe”, and he appealed to Sofia not to delay economic reforms any longer.

( Source OMRI Daily Digest, 28th February, 1997 ).