Rousseau Ideas Essay, Research Paper

Jean Jacques Rousseau was a very famous french philosopher. He wrote many

popular stories and operas during his life. He was a very smart man who was born

into a disturbed family. Jean Jacques Rousseau was born in Geneva on June 28th,

in 1712. Rousseau?s mother died while giving birth to him. His father was a

very violent tempered man and he paid little attention to Jean?s training. His

father would eventually desert him. The fact that his father deserted him gave

Jean a passion for reading. Rousseau developed a special fondness for

Plutarch?s Lives. In 1728, when he was 16, Jean was first apprenticed to a

notary and then to a coppersmith. Rousseau couldn?t stand the rigid discipline

so he ran away. After a few days of wandering, he fell in with Roman Catholic

priests at Consignon in Savoy, who turned him over to Madame de Warens at Annecy.

She sent him to an educational institution at Turin. Rousseau was charged with

theft and began to wander again. In 1730, he was at Chambery, he lived with

Madame de Warens again. In her household he spent eight years diverting himself

in the enjoyment of nature, the study of music, the reading of the English,

German, and French philosophers and chemistry, pursuing the study of mathematics

and Latin, and enjoying the playhouse and opera. Over the next few months, Jean

spent his time at Venice as secretary of the French ambassador, Comte de

Montaignu. Up to this time, when he was thirty-nine, his life could be described

as subterranean. He then returned to Paris, where his opera Les Muses Galantes

failed, copied music, and was secretary of Madame Dupin. It was here that he

became a contributor to the Encyclopedie. His gifts of entertainment, reckless

manner, and boundless vanity attracted attention. In 1752, his operetta Devin du

village was met with great success. His second sensational writing assured him

of fame. It was called Discours sur l?origine et les fondements de

l?inegalite parmi les hommes. In 1754, he revisited Geneva where he received

great acclamation, and called himself from then on a ?citizen of Geneva?.

Two years later, he retired to a cottage in the woods of Montmorency, where in

the quiet of nature he expected to spend his life. Unfortunately, domestic

troubles, his violent passion for Countess d?Houdetot, and Ms morbid mistrust

and nervous excitability, which lost him his friends, induced him to change his

residence to a chateau in the park of the duke of Luxembourg, Montmorency. From

1758-1762 is when is famous works appeared. These works included Lettre a

d?Alembert, Julie ou la nouvelle Heloise, Du Contrat social, and Emile ou de

l?education. The last-named work was ordered to be burned by the French

parliament and his arrest was ordered, but he fled to Neuchatel, then within the

jurisdiction of Prussia. Here he wrote his Lettres ecrites de la Montagne, in

which, with reference to the Geneva constitution, he advocated the freedom of

religion against the Church and police. In September of 1765, he returned to the

Isle St. Pierre in the Lake of Bienne. The government of Berne ordered him out

of its territory, and he accepted the asylum offered to him by David Hume in

England. In 1767, Rousseau fled to France because he was afraid of being

prosecuted. In France he wandered about and depended on his friends until he was

permitted to return to Paris in 1770. Here he finished the Confessions which he

had begun in England, and produced many of his best stories. He also copied

notes, and studied music and botany in Paris. His dread of secret enemies grew

upon his imagination, until he was glad to accept an invitation to retire to

Ermenonville in 1778. It was here in Ermenonville where Jean Jacques Rousseau at

age 66, died. Rousseau reacted against the artificiality and corruption of the

social customs and institutions of the time. He was a keen thinker, and was

equipped with the weapons of the philosophical century and with an inspiring

eloquence. To these qualities were added a pronounced egotism, self-seeking, and

an arrogance that led to bitter antagonism against his revolutionary views and

sensitive personality, the reaction against which resulted in a growing

misanthropy. Error and prejudice in the name of philosophy, according to him,

had stifled reason and nature, and culture, as he found it, had corrupted

morals. In Emile, he presents the ideal citizen and the means of training the

child for the State in accordance with nature, even to a sense of God. This

?nature gospel? of education, as Goethe called it, was the inspiration,

beginning with Pestalozzi, of worldwide pedagogical methods. The most admirable

part in this is the creed of the vicar of Savoy, in which, in happy phrase,

Rousseau shows a true, natural susceptibility to religion and to God, whose

omnipotence and greatness are, published a new every day. Most remarkable in

this projected republic was the provision to banish aliens to the state religion

and to punish dissenters with death. The Social Contract became the textbook of

the French Revolution, and Rousseau?s theories as protests bore fruit in the

frenzied bloody orgies of the Commune as well as in the rejuvenation of France

and the history of the entire Western world. Jean Jacques Rousseau was a very

big influence on the Western world during the years that he lived. I hope you

have enjoyed reading this biography.